Focus on the research areas of national relevance such as energy and food security, [...] and water-related areas needs to be accorded high priority.---Encourage and facilitate Indian Science to address the major developmental needs of the country like[...]energy and environmental needs, [...]. To realise these objectives, it will be necessary to build technology partnerships with States and socio-economic ministries through new models of technological solutions, design, development and delivery.---Nuclear Energy: [...] much greater attention will have to be paid towards improving the confidence of the people and especially in providing world-class systems to counter the risks associated with this form of energy.---The primary objective of developing green technology is to replace the obsolete and inefficient systems with more energy-efficient and clean technologies.---During the Twelfth Plan, financing of climate change related actions will be a major challenge. Low carbon strategies will particularly require enhanced deployment of renewable and clean energy technologies, and capital finance for improvements in technology. [...] Given that energy supply and end-use technologies are evolving rapidly, policy instruments should reflect the contemporary state of technology.---Leverage the large-scale innovative component of strategic research spin-offs from defence, space and atomic energy for civilian benefits in a much larger segment.

The NCEF (National Clean Energy Fund) will support projects, programmes and policies that promote clean energy technologies. This fund can be used to establish a focused investment vehicle for companies investing in green technology, and environmentally supportive businesses such as renewable energy, green transport, and water and waste management among others.---The government should support research and development to promote indigenous manufacturing of USC (ultra-supercritical) units. The first USC plant, which is a joint effort of BHEL, NTPC and IGCAR, is expected to be operational in 2017. Deployment of USC plants may be suitably incentivised and targeted during the Thirteenth Plan period.---Consolidation of deep sea mining technology such as integrated deep sea mining system, soil tester, Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) and manned submersible would be carried out, besides developing Marine Sensors and underwater equipment.---The Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership (GCNEP), the sixth R&D centre of DAE, is being set up in Haryana near Delhi. The main objective of setting up GCNEP is to enable India in establishing the leadership in the field of nuclear energy through research and training and organise workshops, schools and seminars by Indian and international scientists/experts on topical issues.---Establishment of [...] CSIR Network Institute for Solar Energy.

R&D efforts for indigenous manufacturers should be incentivised by permitting them to compete with government laboratories for research funding through the budgetary sources.---CSIR Initiative on Inclusive, Participative and Collaborative R&D: This new initiative for CSIR during the Twelfth Plan would comprise the following [...] sub-components: [...] Centres for Collaborative Research—CSIRAcademia, CSIR-R&D Institutes and CSIR Industry: The centres would focus on collaborative R&D in the identified domains through desired networking. They would be state-of-the-art setups and work in a fluid networked organisation mode. The R&D in such centres would be in domains such as [...] sustainable energy and infrastructure engineering.---Solar Energy Research Initiative—Support 250 doctoral-level researchers from 10 institutions.