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ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ACT 1990 [Act 447] 

GRID CODE FOR SABAH AND LABUAN (AMENDMENTS) 2017 

Kod/ST/No.3/2016(Pin.2017) 

In exercise of the power conferred by Section 50A of the Electricity Supply Act 1990 [Act 447], the Energy Commission with the approval of the Minister makes the following Code: 

Purposes 

1. The amendments of this Grid Code are necessary for the following purposes: 

i)        to facilitate and determine the requirements for connecting large scale solar photovoltaic plants and other distributed generation into the system; and  ii)       to rectify certain inconsistencies in the existing provisions. 

Interpretation 

1. In this Code the term and expression used shall, unless defined in the Grid Code or the context otherwise requires, have the same meaning as in the Act or regulation made under it. 

Citation and Commencement 

1. This Code may be cited as the Grid Code for Sabah & Labuan (Amendments) 2017. 

1. The Grid Code for Sabah & Labuan was first issued by the Commission based on the approval by the Commission on 4 April 2011 and by the Minister on 23 June 2011. The subsequent amendments of the Code were approved by the Minister on 24 January 2017 and shall come into force on the date of its registration. 

Application of the Code 

1. This Code shall apply to the System Operator, Single Buyer and any person who is licensed under Section 9 of the Electricity Supply Act 1990 [Act 447] and connected to the electricity transmission network or any person connected to, or intends to connect to, the electricity transmission network located in Sabah and Labuan. 

Content of the Code 

1. The content of the Code which includes all the above amendments shall be as in ANNEX 1, and shall replace the Grid Code for Sabah and Labuan which was issued in 2011. 

1. The Grid Code for Sabah and Labuan issued in 2011 shall continue in full force up to the date of coming into operation of this amended code. 

Interpretation 

1. In this Code the term and expression used shall, unless defined in the Grid Code or the context otherwise requires, have the same meaning as in the Act or regulation made under it. 

Notice by the Commission  

1. The Energy Commission may issue written notices from time to time in relation to the Code. 

Amendment and Variation   

1. The Energy Commission may at any time amend, modify, vary or revoke this Code or any part thereof, under the following circumstances: 

i)        to effect changes in the electricity supply industry; 

ii)       where it is expedient to ensure reliability of the electricity supply system; iii) to rectify any inconsistency or unintentional errors giving rise to grave consequences; iv) as recommended by the Grid Code Committee and approved by the Energy Commission; v)             any other justifiable reason as the Energy Commission deems necessary. 

Dated:                      15 MAY 2017

DATUK IR. AHMAD FAUZI BIN HASAN 

Chief Executive Officer for Energy Commission  

ANNEX 1:  

GRID CODE FOR SABAH AND LABUAN  

(AMENDMENTS) 2017 

Document Control 

Contents

PREAMBLE ....................................................................................................................... 12

1        Introduction.................................................................................................................. 12

2        Scope ............................................................................................................................ 13

2.1        Industry Model .......................................................................................................................... 13

3        Overview of Grid Code .................................................................................................. 14

3.1        General ...................................................................................................................................... 14

3.2        General conditions..................................................................................................................... 14

3.3        Planning Codes .......................................................................................................................... 14

3.4        Connection Conditions .............................................................................................................. 15

3.5        Operating Codes ........................................................................................................................ 15

3.6        Schedule and Dispatch Codes .................................................................................................... 16

3.7        Metering Code ........................................................................................................................... 16

4        Abbreviation and Description of Sections of Grid Codes ................................................. 17

GENERAL CONDITIONS ..................................................................................................... 18

       GC1       Introduction ............................................................................................................ 18

       GC2        Interpretation ......................................................................................................... 18

              GC2.1    General ................................................................................................................................ 18

              GC2.2    Glossary and Definitions ....................................................................................................... 19

       GC3        Objectives ............................................................................................................... 34

       GC4       Grid Code Committee (GCC) ..................................................................................... 35

       GC5        Unforeseen Circumstances ...................................................................................... 35

       GC6       Procedure For Grid Code Review .............................................................................. 36

              GC6.1    All Revisions to Be Reviewed ................................................................................................ 36

              GC6.2   Derogations ........................................................................................................................... 36

              GC6.3    Request For Derogation ........................................................................................................ 37

       GC7        Hierarchy ................................................................................................................ 38

       GC8       Illegality and Partial Invalidity .................................................................................. 38

       GC9       Time of Effectiveness ............................................................................................... 38

       GC10         Grid Code Notices ................................................................................................ 38

       GC11          Grid Code Disputes .............................................................................................. 39

              GC11.1      General ............................................................................................................................. 39

              GC11.2      Disputes Determined by the Energy Commission ............................................................ 39

              GC11.3      Disputes Determined by Arbitration ................................................................................ 39

       GC12          Code Confidentiality ............................................................................................ 40

PLANNING CODE .............................................................................................................. 41

       PC1        Introduction ............................................................................................................ 41

              PC1.1    Development of the Grid System .......................................................................................... 41

       PC2        OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................. 41

       PC3        SCOPE ..................................................................................................................... 42

       PC4       Development of the Grid System and Applicable Standards ...................................... 43

              PC4.1    Establishing the Licence Standards ....................................................................................... 43

              PC4.2     Application of the License Standards to Planning and Development ................................... 43

              PC4.3    System Development Statement .......................................................................................... 43

              PC4.4    Process of Connection Planning ............................................................................................ 44

              PC 4.5   Main Criteria of the License Standards ................................................................................. 45

       PC5        Planning Processes .................................................................................................. 50

              PC5.0    General ................................................................................................................................. 50

              PC5.1    Demand (Load) Forecasting .................................................................................................. 51

              PC5.2     Generation Adequacy Planning ............................................................................................ 51

              PC5.3     Transmission Adequacy Planning ......................................................................................... 53

       PC6        Connection Planning ................................................................................................ 54

       PC7        Data Requirements .................................................................................................. 54

              PC7.0     General ................................................................................................................................. 54

              PC7.1    User Data .............................................................................................................................. 54

              PC7.2    Preliminary Project Data ....................................................................................................... 55

              PC7.3     Committed project Data ....................................................................................................... 55

              PC7.4     Contracted Project Data ....................................................................................................... 56

PLANNING CODE – APPENDIX A ....................................................................................... 58

PLANNING DATA REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................... 58

PART 1 ................................................................................................................................. 58

       PC A1         STANDARD PLANNING DATA ............................................................................... 58

              PC A1.1      Connection Point and User Network Data ....................................................................... 58

              PC A1.2      Demand Data ................................................................................................................... 58

              PC A1.3     Generating Unit and Power Station Data ......................................................................... 59

              PC A1.4     Power Park Module DATA Requirement .......................................................................... 60

PART 2 ................................................................................................................................. 67

       PC A2        DETAILED PLANNING DATA .................................................................................. 67

              PC A2.1      Connection Point And User Network Data....................................................................... 67

              PC A2.2      Demand Data ................................................................................................................... 70

              PC A2.3      Generating Unit And Power Station Data ........................................................................ 70

              PC A2.4       Additional Data ............................................................................................................... 73

CONNECTION CONDITIONS .............................................................................................. 75

       CC1        INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 75

       CC2        OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................. 75

       CC3        SCOPE ..................................................................................................................... 75

       CC4        CONNECTION PRINCIPLES ........................................................................................ 76

              CC4.1     Exchange of Information Concerning the Point of COMMON COUPLING ............................ 76

              CC4.2    Confidentiality of connection data ....................................................................................... 76

       CC5        CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 77

              CC5.1    Supply Standards .................................................................................................................. 77

              CC5.2     Technical Requirements for Parallel Operation of Consumer’s Generating Units ............... 80

              CC5.3     Requirement Relating to Generator Units ............................................................................ 81

              CC5.4      General Requirements for Distributors, Network Owners and Directly Connected 

Customers ............................................................................................................................................. 88

              CC5.5     Technical Criteria for Communication Equipment................................................................ 89

              CC5.6    Protection Criteria ................................................................................................................ 89

       CC6         PROCEDURES FOR APPLICATIONS FOR CONNECTION TO AND USE OF THE Grid System

                    89

              CC6.1    Application and Offer for Connection ................................................................................... 89

              CC6.2     Complex Transmission Network Connections ...................................................................... 90

              CC6.3     Right to Reject an Application .............................................................................................. 90

              CC6.4    Connection and Use of System Agreement .......................................................................... 91

       CC7        APPROVAL TO CONNECT .......................................................................................... 91

              CC 7.1    Readiness to Connect ........................................................................................................... 91

              CC7.2    Confirmation of Approval to Connect ................................................................................... 91

OPERATING CODE NO. 1 ................................................................................................... 93

       OC1        DEMAND FORECASTING .......................................................................................... 93

              OC1.1    Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 93

              OC1.2    Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 93

              OC1.3    Scope..................................................................................................................................... 94

              OC1.4    Procedure in the operational planning phase ...................................................................... 94

              OC1.5    Demand forecasts ................................................................................................................. 95

              OC1.6    procedure in the Post Control Phase .................................................................................... 96

OPERATING Code No. 2 .................................................................................................... 97

       OC2       OPERATIONAL PLANNING ........................................................................................ 97

              OC2.1    Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 97

              OC2.2    Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 97

              OC2.3    Scope..................................................................................................................................... 98

              OC2.4    Submission of Planned Outage Schedules by Users ............................................................. 98

              OC2.5    Planning of Generating Units Outages ................................................................................100

              OC2.6     Planning of Transmission Outages ......................................................................................100

              OC2.7     Unplanned Outages ............................................................................................................102

              OC2.8     Programming Phase (to include Generators) .....................................................................102

              OC2.9     Operational Planning Data Required ..................................................................................103

              OC2.10       Data Exchange ................................................................................................................103

OPERATING CODE NO.3 ................................................................................................. 105

       OC3       OPERATING RESERVE ............................................................................................. 105

              OC3.1    Introduction ........................................................................................................................105

              OC3.2    Objective .............................................................................................................................105

              OC3.3     Scope...................................................................................................................................105

              OC3.4     Operating Reserves and its Constituents ............................................................................106

              OC3.5     Use of Spinning Reserve To Mitigate The Fall Of Frequency ..............................................107

              OC3.6     Spinning Reserve Requirements of Generating Units on Free Governor Mode .................108

              OC3.7     Allocation of Operating Reserves .......................................................................................108

              OC3.8    Data Requirements .............................................................................................................109

OPERATING CODE NO. 4 ................................................................................................. 111

       OC4        DEMAND CONTROL ............................................................................................... 111

              OC4.1    Introduction ........................................................................................................................111

              OC4.2     Objectives ...........................................................................................................................111

              OC4.3     Scope...................................................................................................................................111

              OC4.4     Procedure for Notification of Demand Reduction Control .................................................111

              OC4.5     Procedures for Implementation of Demand Control ..........................................................112

              OC4.6    Types of Demand Control To Be Implemented ...................................................................113

              OC4.7    Scheduling and Dispatch .....................................................................................................114

OPERATING CODE NO. 5 ................................................................................................. 116

       OC5       OPERATIONAL LIAISON .......................................................................................... 116

              OC5.1    Introduction ........................................................................................................................116

              OC5.2     Objectives ...........................................................................................................................116

              OC5.3     Scope...................................................................................................................................116

              OC5.4     Operational Liaison Terms ..................................................................................................116

              OC5.5     ProcEdures for Operational Liaison ....................................................................................117

              OC5.6    Requirement to Notify ........................................................................................................117

              OC5.7    Significant Incidents ............................................................................................................118

OPERATING CODE NO.6 ................................................................................................. 120

       OC6       SIGNIFICANT INCIDENTREPORTING ........................................................................ 120

              OC6.1    Introduction ........................................................................................................................120

              OC6.2     Objectives ...........................................................................................................................120

              OC6.3     Scope...................................................................................................................................120

              OC6.4     Procedures For Reporting Significant Incidents ..................................................................120

              OC6.5     Significant Incident Report..................................................................................................121

              OC6.6    Procedure for Joint Investigation ........................................................................................122

OPERATING CODE NO. 7 ................................................................................................. 123 

OC7  SYSTEM RESTORATION .......................................................................................... 123

              OC7.1    Introduction ........................................................................................................................123

              OC7.2     Objectives ...........................................................................................................................123

              OC7.3     Scope...................................................................................................................................123

              OC7.4    Strategies For Speedy Restoration ......................................................................................123

              OC7.5     Development of System Restoration Plan ..........................................................................124

              OC7.6     Considerations During System Restoration ........................................................................125

              OC7.7     Grid System Restoration Plan Familiarisation and Training ................................................128

              OC7.8     Loss OF LOAD DISPATCH CENTRE .......................................................................................128

              OC7.9     Fuel Supply shortages .........................................................................................................129

OPERATING CODE NO.8 ................................................................................................. 130

       OC8        SAFETY COORDINATION ........................................................................................ 130

              OC8.1    Introduction ........................................................................................................................130

              OC8.2     Objectives ...........................................................................................................................130

              OC8.3     Scope...................................................................................................................................130

              OC8.4    Procedures ..........................................................................................................................130

              OC8.5     Safety Precautions For HV Apparatus .................................................................................133

              OC8.6     Cancellation of RISP And Energisation ................................................................................134

              OC8.7    Safety Logs ..........................................................................................................................134

OPERATING CODE NO. 8 - APPENDIX 1 – RISP - A ............................................................ 135

OPERATING CODE NO. 8 – APPENDIX 2 – RISP - B ........................................................... 136

OPERATING CODE NO. 9 ................................................................................................. 137

       OC9       NUMBERING AND NOMENCLATURE ....................................................................... 137

              OC9.1    Introduction ........................................................................................................................137

              OC9.2    Objective .............................................................................................................................137

              OC9.3     Scope...................................................................................................................................137

              OC9.4     Procedures For Numbering And Nomenclature .................................................................138

APPENDIX 1 NUMBERING AND NOMENCLATURE OF THE SABAH AND LABUAN GRID SYSTEM ......................................................................................................................... 140 

APPENDIX 2: NUMBERING AND NOMENCLATURE OF SWITCHGEAR ................................ 149 

OPERATING CODE NO. 10 ............................................................................................... 151

       OC10          Testing and Monitoring ..................................................................................... 151

              OC10.1       Introduction ...................................................................................................................151

              OC10.2      Objectives .......................................................................................................................151

              OC10.3      Scope ..............................................................................................................................151

              OC10.4        Procedures Relating to testing Quality of Supply ..........................................................151

              OC10.5        Procedure Relating to testing grid Connection Point Parameters .................................152

              OC10.6        Procedure Relating to Monitoring Centrally dispatched generating   units...................152

              OC10.7        Procedure Relating to testing Centrally dispatched Generating Units ..........................153

              OC10.8       allocation of costs for tests ............................................................................................158

OPERATING CODE NO. 11 ............................................................................................... 159

       OC11          SYSTEM TESTS ................................................................................................... 159

              OC11.1       Introduction ...................................................................................................................159

              OC11.2      Objectives .......................................................................................................................159

              OC11.3      Scope ..............................................................................................................................159

              OC11.4       Procedure for arranging System Tests ...........................................................................159

SCHEDULE AND DISPATCH CODE NO. 1 ........................................................................... 163

       SDC1          GENERATION SCHEDULING ................................................................................ 163

              SDC1.1       Introduction ...................................................................................................................163

              SDC1.2       Objectives .......................................................................................................................163

              SDC1.3       Scope ..............................................................................................................................164

              SDC1.4       Procedure .......................................................................................................................165

              SDC 1.5       Other Relevant Data in preparing the Generation Schedule .........................................169

              SDC1.6        Data Validity Checking ...................................................................................................170

              SDC1.7       Demand Reduction Data ................................................................................................171

              SDC1.8       External System Transfer Data .......................................................................................171

              SDC 1.9       Preparation of the Ten (10) days Ahead Plan ................................................................171

              SDC 1.10     Preparation of the Merit Order Table ............................................................................172

SDC1 – APPENDIX 1 ........................................................................................................ 173

GENERATION SCHEDULING AND DISPATCH PARAMETERS ................................................... 173

SCHEDULING AND DISPATCH CODE NO. 2 ....................................................................... 174

       SDC2         CONTROL, SCHEDULING AND DISPATCH ............................................................. 174

              SDC2.1       Introduction ...................................................................................................................174

              SDC2.2       Objectives .......................................................................................................................174

              SDC2.3       Scope ..............................................................................................................................174

              SDC2.4       Procedure .......................................................................................................................175

              SDC2.5        Dispatch Instructions .....................................................................................................176

              SDC2.6       Emergency Assistance Instructions ................................................................................181

              SDC2.7       Reporting........................................................................................................................182

SCHEDULING AND DISPATCH CODE NO. 3 ....................................................................... 183

       SDC3          FREQUENCY AND TRANSFER CONTROL............................................................... 183

              SDC3.1       Introduction ...................................................................................................................183

              SDC3.2       Objectives .......................................................................................................................183

              SDC3.3       Scope ..............................................................................................................................183

              SDC3.4       Procedure .......................................................................................................................183

              SDC3.5        Dispatch Instruction of the GSO in Relation to Demand Control ...................................184

              SDC3.6        Response to High Frequency Required from Synchronised Plant ..................................184

              SDC3.7        Plant Operating Below Minimum Generation ...............................................................185

              SDC3.8       General Issues ................................................................................................................185

              SDC3.9        Frequency, Interconnector Transfer and Time Control .................................................186

METERING CODE ............................................................................................................ 187

       MC1       INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 187

       MC2       OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................... 187

       MC3       SCOPE ................................................................................................................... 187

       MC4       Requirements ........................................................................................................ 187

              MC4.1        General ...........................................................................................................................187

              MC4.2        Key Principles .................................................................................................................188

       MC5       Ownership ............................................................................................................ 190

MC6  Metering Accuracy and Data Exchange ................................................................... 190 MC6.1 Metering Accuracy and Availability ....................................................................................190

       MC6.2        Data Collection System ...................................................................................... 191

MC7 Commissioning, Inspection, Calibration and Testing .................................................... 191

              MC7.1        Commissioning ...............................................................................................................191

              MC7.2        Responsibility for Inspection, Calibration and Testing ...................................................191

              MC7.3         Procedures in the Event of Non-compliance .................................................................192

              MC7.4        Audit of Metering Data ..................................................................................................192

       MC8      Security of Metering Installation and Data ............................................................. 193

              MC8.1        Security of Metering Equipment ....................................................................................193

              MC8.2        Security Control..............................................................................................................193

              MC8.3         Changes to Metering Equipment, Parameters and Settings ..........................................193

              MC8.4        Changes to Metering Data .............................................................................................193

       MC9      Processing of Metering Data for Billing Purposes .................................................... 194

              MC9.1         Metering Database.........................................................................................................194

              MC9.2        Remote Acquisition of Data ...........................................................................................194

              MC9.3        Periodic Energy Metering ...............................................................................................194

              MC9.4        Data Validation and Substitution ...................................................................................194

              MC9.5        Errors Found in Meter Tests, Inspections or Audits .......................................................194

       MC10          Confidentiality .................................................................................................. 195

       MC11         Metering Installation Performance .................................................................... 195

       MC12         Operational Metering ........................................................................................ 195

       MC13         Disputes ............................................................................................................ 196

Metering Code Appendix 1 – Type and Accuracy of Revenue Metering Installations ....... 197

       MCA1        General Requirements ....................................................................................... 197

              MCA.1.2      Metering Installations Commissioned Prior to The Grid Code Effective Date ...............197

              MCA.1.3      Accuracy Requirements for Metering Installations .......................................................197

              MCA.1.4     Check Metering ..............................................................................................................199

              MCA.1.5      Resolution and Accuracy of Displayed or Captured Data ..............................................200

              MCA.1.6      General Design Requirements and Standards ...............................................................200

Metering Code Appendix 2 - Commissioning, Inspection, Calibration and Testing Requirements ................................................................................................................ 201

              MCA.2.1     General Requirements ...................................................................................................201

              MCA.2.2     Technical Requirements .................................................................................................203

PREAMBLE 

1                INTRODUCTION                   

This Grid Code, 

(a)        sets out the procedure which regulates all Users of the Grid System^[1] in the State of Sabah and the Federal Territory of Labuan (“Sabah and Labuan”), which comprises the Transmission Network anddirectly connected Generating Units, for electrical power and energy generation and transmission to the Distribution System and directly connected customers; and   

(b)       provides criteria guidelines and procedures for Users of the a Grid System to provide information necessary for the co-ordination, planning, development, maintenance and operation thereof. 

This Grid Code comprises any or all the codes contained in this document and all words and expression used in this Grid Code shall have the meanings and effect given to them in the, Glossary and Definition section of the General Conditions. 

Figure 1 illustrates how the various Users identified in the Grid Code are connected or associated with Grid System. 

Figure 1 Users of the Power System 

Figure 2 illustrates the participants in the Sabah and Labuan Grid System and the major roles they are responsible for. 

Figure 2 The Main Participants of the Sabah and Labuan Grid System

2                SCOPE

The Grid Code contains procedures to permit the equitable management of the electricity sector in Sabah and Labuan, taking into account a wide range of operational conditions likely to be encountered under both normal and exceptional circumstances.  It is nevertheless necessary to recognise that the Grid Code cannot predict and address all possible operational situations.  Generators, Consumers and other Users must therefore understand and accept that the Grid System Operator (GSO) in such unforeseen circumstances will be required, in the course of the reasonable and prudent discharging of its responsibilities, to act decisively in pursuance of any one or any combination of the following general requirements: 

(a)        The preservation or restoration of the integrity of its Grid System

(b)       The compliance by Generators, Grid Owner and Network Owners with obligations imposed by Licences issued by the Energy Commission; 

(c)        The avoidance of breakdown, separation, collapse or blackout (total or partial) of the Power System; 

(d)       The requirements of safety under all circumstances, including the prevention of personal injury; and 

(e)        The prevention of damage to Plant and/or Apparatus or the environment. 

The Grid Code does not apply to the Distribution Networks including the Rural Networks as this will be covered by the Distribution Code. It is important that any HV Apparatus used in these Networks must be compatible in terms of design standards and equipment standards with the interconnected Grid System.  

2.1                   INDUSTRY MODEL 

The Sabah and Labuan electricity sector is subject to regulation by the Energy Commission and this Grid Code is issued with the consent of the Energy Commission.  

Although SESB is the main vertically integrated electricity utility in Sabah and Labuan, the Grid Code refers to different functions within SESB by naming key functions. This is to clarify which department and persons within SESB is responsible for complying with the Grid Code. 

The key functions are listed below: 

(a)        The Single Buyer is a department in SESB that is responsible for overseeing the commercial arrangements entered into with the IPPs. The Single Buyer is not responsible for rural connected IPPS and interconnected Power System connected IPPs. 

(b)       The Grid Owner is a unit within SESB responsible for the operation and maintenance of the Transmission Network and its associated Plant and Apparatus for the purpose of providing transmission services, including access to the Transmission Network to Generators, Distributers and Users of the Grid System. 

(c)        The Grid System Operator or GSO is the person in SESB responsible for the overall coordination of the operation, maintenance and control of the interconnected Grid System amongst all Users.  The GSO is also responsible for generation Dispatch and monitoring and control of this Grid System to ensure that the Grid System is operated, at all times, reliably, securely, safely and economically. 

3                OVERVIEW OF GRID CODE 

3.1                   GENERAL

The Grid Code is divided into the following codes of practice as contained in Part 2 of this Schedule: 

(a)        General Conditions; 

(b)       Planning Code;  

(c)        Connection Conditions;  

(d)       Operating Codes Nos. 1 to 11;  

(e)        Scheduling and Dispatch Codes Nos. 1 to 3; and  (f) Metering Code.  

These are now summarised. 

3.2                   GENERAL CONDITIONS 

The General Conditions section deals with those aspects of the Grid Code not covered in other sections, including the resolution of disputes and the revision of the Grid Code. It also contains the Glossary and Definitions of terms used in the Grid Code. 

3.3                   PLANNING CODES 

The Planning Code deals with issues relating to the medium term development and expansion of generation capacity and the Grid System through the annual Transmission Development Plan and the Generation Development Plan. 

Furthermore, it provides for the procedures involved for existing or new Users intending to connect on to the Grid System and the data to be provided to the Grid Owner in order for the planner to assess the application. 

3.4                   CONNECTION CONDITIONS 

Connection Conditions, which specify the minimum technical, design and certain operational criteria that must be complied with by directly connected Users. 

3.5                   OPERATING CODES 

A set of Operating Codes, which govern the way in which Grid System operation is planned, programmed, notified, scheduled and then run in real time. This sequence starts with the forecasting of demand for the year ahead, in accordance with OC1. With the receipt of demand forecasts from Single Buyer, the GSO co-ordinates requests for outages and matches these against forecast demand to produce the Annual Generation Plan under OC2.   

In producing the Annual Generation Plan (of equipment outages) the GSO also applies the generation reserve standards of OC3 and the demand control methods of OC4.  Information is communicated and operations are co-ordinated in accordance with OC5 and the occurrence of significant incidents reported in accordance with OC6.  

Where a Grid System experiences a failure in the control of Frequency or nodal voltage, which results in separation of the Grid System components and/or widespread load shedding, then restoration to normal operation is covered by OC7.   

Any work to be carried out at a Connection Point shall be in accordance to the safety co-ordination procedures detailed under OC8.  

Where a new Connection Point is to be constructed or changes are to be made to an existing Connection Point, then the numbering and naming of the equipment is covered by OC9.  

Monitoring and investigation of the performance of Users equipment is covered by OC10 while commissioning and testing of equipment that have a significant impact on the Grid System is covered by OC11. 

These are summarised below: 

1)         demand forecasting (OC1); 

2)         the co-ordination of the outage planning processes in respect of generating set and power station equipment and outage of Grid System equipment (OC2); 

3)         the specification of different types of reserve, which make up the Operating Reserve (OC3); 

4)         different methods of demand control including reduction of demand (OC4); 

5)         the reporting and communication, of scheduled and planned actions and unexpected occurrences such as faults on the power system or faults on the User’s installation (OC5); 

6)         the provision of written fault and incident reports for significant incidents (OC6); 

7)         Grid System contingency plans and partial or blackout restoration (OC7); 

8)         the co-ordination of Grid System safety procedures in order that work can be carried out safely at the Connection Point (OC8); 

9)         the procedures to be used for numbering and naming of plant and apparatus at Connection Points(OC9); 

10)      monitoring and investigation in relation to a User’s Plant and Apparatus (OC10); 11)    the procedures to be followed for System Tests (OC11). 

            3.6            SCHEDULE AND DISPATCH CODES 

The Grid Code also contains a generation scheduling and dispatch code, which is split into three sections and deals with: 

(a)        the preparation of a planned Centrally Dispatch Generating Units (CDGUs) running schedule covering all CDGUs, based upon a least cost dispatch modal (SDC1); 

(b)       the issue of Dispatch Instructions to Generators with CDGUs (SDC2); and  

(c)        the procedures and requirements in relation to Frequency control and Active Energy and or power transfer levels (SDC3). 

            3.7            METERING CODE 

The Metering Code deals with wholesale and Operational Metering and is split into a number of sections and deals with: 

(a) the specific requirements for Fiscal Metering; and (b)    the basic requirements for Operational Metering. 

This Metering Code contains the metering requirements at the Point of Common Coupling.  

4          ABBREVIATION AND DESCRIPTION OF SECTIONS OF GRID CODES 

< End of Preamble > 

GENERAL CONDITIONS 

GC1      INTRODUCTION 

Each specific code of practice of the Grid Code contains the provisions relating specifically to that particular code. There are also provisions of a more general application to allow the various codes to operate together.  Such provisions are included in this General Conditions (GC). 

GC2      INTERPRETATION 

            GC2.1        GENERAL 

In this Grid Code, unless the context otherwise requires: 

(a)        references to “this Grid Code” or “the Grid Code” are reference to the whole of the Grid Code, including any schedules or other documents attached to any part of the Grid Code; 

(b)       the singular includes the plural and vice versa; and (c)             any one gender includes the others. 

References to codes, paragraphs, clauses or schedules are to the codes, paragraphs, clauses or schedules of this Grid Code: 

(a)        code, paragraph and schedule headings are for convenience of reference only and do not form part of and shall neither affect nor be used in the construction of this Grid Code; 

(b)       reference to any law, regulation made under any law, standard, secondary legislation, contract, agreement or other legal document shall be to that item as amended, modified or replaced from time to time.  In particular, any reference to any licence shall be to that licence as amended, modified or replaced from time to time and to any rule, document, decision or arrangement promulgated or established under that licence; 

(c)        references to the consent or approval of the Energy Commission shall be references to the approval or consent of the Energy Commission in writing, which may be given subject to such conditions as may be determined by the regulatory authority, as that consent or approval may be amended, modified, supplemented or replaced from time to time and to any proper order, instruction or requirement or decision of the Energy Commission given, made or issued under it; 

(d)       all references to specific dates or periods of time shall be calculated according to the Gregorian calendar and all references to specific dates shall be to the day commencing on such date at 00:00 hours, such time being Malaysian Standard Time (UTC/GMT + 8 hours); 

(e)        where a word or expression is defined in this Grid Code, cognate words and expressions shall be construed accordingly; 

(f)         references to “person” or “persons” include individuals, firms, companies, state government agencies, committees, departments, ministries and other incorporate and unincorporated bodies as well as to individuals with a separate legal personality or not; and 

(g)        the words “such as”, “include”, “including”, “for example” and “in particular” shall be construed as being by way of illustration or emphasis and shall not limit or prejudice the generality of any foregoing words. 

            GC2.2        GLOSSARY AND DEFINITIONS 

In this Grid Code, the following words and expressions, including abbreviations shall, unless the subject matter or the context otherwise requires or is inconsistent therewith, bear the following meanings: 

(i)         Abbreviations:  

The following abbreviations are listed for the reader’s convenience. They are more fully covered in the definitions section that follows it. 

(ii)       Glossary and definitions 

only to HV apparatus this will be indicated in the specific text as “HV Apparatus”.   

Agreement.

Unit Capability Limits at a specific time. 

Reactive energy is that instantaneous energy derived from the product of voltage and current and the sine of the voltage-current phase angle between them which is integrated over time and measured in var-hours or multiples thereof. 

Plan. Also termed as Primary Fuel 

Grid System. 

Generating Units to meet forecast Demand.  

the scheduling, dispatch and operational planning by the GSO to ensure the equitable operation of the PPAs. 

GC3      OBJECTIVES 

The objectives of the General Conditions are as follows: 

(a)        to ensure, insofar as it is possible, that the various sections of the Grid Code work together for the benefit of all the relevant parties; and 

(b)       to provide a set of principles governing the status and development of the Grid Code and related issues as approved by the Energy Commission . 

GC4      GRID CODE COMMITTEE (GCC) 

SESB shall, with the approval of the Energy Commission, establish and maintain the Grid Code Committee (GCC) under its “Chairman”, which shall be a standing body to carry out the functions as follows: 

(a)        to keep the Grid Code and its working under review; 

(b)       review all suggestions for amendments to the Grid Code which the Chairman of the GCC, Energy Commission, GCC member or User may wish to submit to the GCC for consideration by the GCC from time to time; 

(c)        publish recommendations as to the amendments to the Grid Code that the GCC feels are necessary or desirable and the reasons for these recommendations; 

(d)       issue guidance in relation to the Grid Code and its implementation, performance and interpretation upon the reasonable request of any User; and  

(e)        consider what changes are necessary to the Grid Code arising out of any unforeseen circumstances referred to it by the Chairman under GC5 or derogations approved under GC6. 

The GCC will establish and comply with its own rules. 

The Chairman of the GCC shall consult in writing with Users liable to be affected in relation to all proposed amendments to the Grid Code and shall submit all proposed amendments to the GCC for discussion prior to such consideration. 

The GCC decisions are not binding on the Energy Commission, but shall have only the nature of an opinion.  Any decision for amendment to the Grid Code must be approved by the Energy Commission and be published by the GCC in a manner agreed with the Energy Commission. 

The GCC shall consist of: 

a)              a Chairman, appointed by the Energy Commission; 

b)              a representative from the office of the Energy Commission; 

c)              an Independent Expert appointed by the Energy Commission  

d)              a person representing the GSO; 

e)              a person representing the Single Buyer

f)               a person representing SESB’s Grid Owner; 

g)              a person representing SESB’s Distributer; 

h)              two persons representing SESB’s generation division; 

i)               four persons representing Generators; 

j)               a person representing Petronas being a main gas/fuel  SESB shall provide the Secretariat.  

GC5      UNFORESEEN CIRCUMSTANCES 

If circumstances not envisaged in the provisions of the Grid Code or divergent interpretations of any provisions included in the Grid Code should arise, the Chairman shall, to the extent reasonably practicable in the circumstances, consult promptly with all affected Users in an effort to reach agreement as to what should be done.  If agreement cannot be reached in the time available, the Chairman shall in good faith determine what is to be done and notify all Users affected. 

The Chairman shall promptly refer all such unforeseen circumstances and any determination to the GCC for consideration in accordance with GC4. 

GC6      PROCEDURE FOR GRID CODE REVIEW  

            GC6.1        ALL REVISIONS TO BE REVIEWED 

All revisions to the Grid Code will be reviewed by the GCC prior to application to the Energy Commissionby the Chairman.   

All proposed revisions from Users, the Energy Commission or Chairman will be brought before the GCC by the Chairman for consideration.  

The Chairman will advise the GCC, all Users, and the Energy Commission of all proposed revisions to the Grid Code with notice of no less than twenty (20) Business Days in advance of the next scheduled meeting of the GCC provided the GCC may waive or reduce this period of notice of meeting. 

Following review of a proposed revision by the GCC, the Chairman will apply to the Energy Commissionfor revision of the Grid Code based on the GCC recommendation.  The Chairman, in applying to the Energy Commission, shall also notify each User, in a manner to be approved by the Energy Commission, of the proposed revision and other views expressed by the GCC and Users so that each User may consider making representations directly to the Energy Commission regarding the proposed revision. 

The Energy Commission shall consider the proposed revision, other views, and any further representations and shall determine whether the proposed revision should be made and, if so, whether in the form proposed or in an amended form before issuing a notification relating thereto. 

Having been notified by the Energy Commission that the revision shall be made, the Chairman shall notify each User, in a manner approved by the Energy Commission, of the revision at least ten (10) Business Days prior to the revision taking effect.  The revision shall take effect with this Grid Code deemed to be amended accordingly from and including the date specified in such notification or other such date as directed by the Energy Commission. 

“Revision” shall include amendment, modification and variation of the Grid Code. 

            GC6.2        DEROGATIONS 

If a User finds that it is, or will be, unable to comply with any provision of the Grid Code, then it shall, without delay, report such non-compliance to the Chairman and shall make such reasonable efforts as are required to remedy such non-compliance as soon as reasonably practicable. 

The non-compliance may be with reference to Plant and Apparatus: 

(a)        connected to the Grid System and is caused solely or mainly as a result of a revision to the Grid Code; and 

(b)       which is connected, approved to connect or for which approval to connect to the Grid System is being sought. 

When a User believes either that it would be unreasonable (including on the grounds of cost and technical considerations) to require it to remedy such non-compliance or that it should be granted an extended period to remedy such non-compliance, it shall promptly submit to the Chairman a request for derogation from such provision in accordance to GC6.3.  

If SESB finds that it is, or will be, unable to comply with any provision of the Grid Code at any time, then it shall make such reasonable efforts as are required to remedy such non-compliance as soon as reasonably practicable. 

In the case where SESB requests the derogation, it shall promptly submit to the Chairman a request for derogation from such provision in accordance with GC6.3. 

            GC6.3        REQUEST FOR DEROGATION 

A request for derogation from any provision of the Grid Code shall contain; 

(i)         the reference number and the date of the Grid Code provision against which the non-compliance or predicted non-compliance was identified; 

(ii)        the detail  of the Apparatus and/or Plant in respect of which derogation is sought and, if relevant, the nature and extent of non-compliance; 

(iii)       the provision of the Grid Code with which the User is, or will be, unable to comply; 

(iv)       the reason for the non-compliance; and 

(v)        the date by which compliance could be achieved (if remedy of the non-compliance is possible). 

On receipt of any request for derogation, the GCC shall promptly consider such a request provided that the GCC considers that the grounds for the derogation are reasonable.  The GCC shall grant such derogation unless the derogation would, or is likely to: 

(i)         have a material adverse impact on the security and/or stability of the Grid System;

or  

(ii)        impose unreasonable costs on the operation of the Grid System or on an Interconnected Party’s System.  

In its consideration of a derogation request by a User, the Chairman may contact the relevant User to obtain clarification of the request or to discuss changes to the request. 

To the extent of any derogation granted in accordance with this GC6.3, the Chairman and/or the User (as the case may be) shall be relieved from any obligation to comply with the applicable provision of the Grid Code and shall not be liable for failure to so comply but shall comply with any alternative provisions identified in the derogation. 

The Chairman shall: 

(a)        keep a register of all derogations which have been granted, identifying the name of the person and User in respect of whom the derogation has been granted, the relevant provision of the Grid Codeand the period of the derogation; and 

(b)       on request from any User, provide a copy of such register of derogations to such User. 

The Chairman may initiate at the request of the Energy Commission or a User a review of any existing derogations, and any derogations under consideration where a relevant and material change in circumstance has occurred. 

GC7      HIERARCHY 

In the event of any irreconcilable conflict between the provisions of the Grid Code and any contract, agreement, or arrangement between the GSO, or Single Buyer and a User, the following circumstances shall apply. 

(a)        If the contract agreement or arrangement exists at the date this Grid Code first comes into force, it shall prevail over this Grid Code for five years from the date upon which this Grid Code is first in effect, unless and to the extent: 

• specifically provided for in the Grid Code or in the contract agreement or arrangement or; 
• that the User has agreed to comply with the Grid Code. 

(b)       In all other cases, the provisions of the Grid Code shall prevail unless the Grid Code expressly provides otherwise. 

GC8      ILLEGALITY AND PARTIAL INVALIDITY 

If any provision of the Grid Code should be found to be unlawful or wholly or partially invalid for any reason, the validity of all remaining provisions of the Grid Code shall not be affected. 

If part of a provision of the Grid Code is found to be unlawful or invalid but the rest of such provision would remain valid if part of the wording were deleted, the provision shall apply with such minimum modification as may be: 

(a)        necessary to make it valid and effective; and  

(b)       most closely achieves the result of the original wording but without affecting the meaning or validity of any other provision of the Grid Code.  

The Chairman shall prepare a proposal to correct the default for consideration by the GCC. 

GC9      TIME OF EFFECTIVENESS  

This Grid Code shall have an effect, as regards to a new User, at the time at which its Connection Agreementcomes into effect. 

GC10    GRID CODE NOTICES 

Any notice to be given under the Grid Code shall be in writing and shall be duly given if signed by or on behalf of a person duly authorised to do so by the party giving the notice and delivered by hand at, or sent by post, or facsimile transmission or e-mail to the relevant address, facsimile number or email address last established pursuant to these General Conditions. 

The Chairman shall maintain a list of contact details for itself and all Users containing the telephone, facsimile, e-mail and postal addresses for all Users.  The Chairman shall provide these details to any User in respect of any other User as soon as practicable after receiving a request. 

Both Chairman and all Users shall be entitled to amend in any respect their contact details previously supplied and Chairman shall keep the list up to date accordingly. 

Any notice required to be given by this Grid Code shall be deemed to have been given or received; 

(a)        if sent by hand, at the time of delivery; 

(b)       if sent by post, from and to any address within Sabah or Labuan, four (4) Business Days after posting unless otherwise proven; or 

(c)        if sent by facsimile, subject to confirmation of uninterrupted transmission report, or by email, one hour after being sent, provided that any transmission sent after 14:00 hours on any day shall be deemed to have been received at 08:00 hours on the following Business Day unless the contrary is shown to be the case  

GC11    GRID CODE DISPUTES 

            GC11.1      GENERAL 

If any dispute arises between Users or between the Chairman and any User in relation to this Grid Code, either party may by notice to the other seek to resolve the dispute by negotiation in good faith.  If the parties fail to resolve any dispute by such negotiations within sixty (60) calendar days of the giving of a notice under GC10, then: 

(a)        either party shall be entitled by written notice to the other to require the dispute to be referred to a meeting of members of the Boards of Directors of the parties or, if no such directors are present in Sabah or Labuan, the most senior executive of each party present in Sabah or Labuan; 

(b)       if either party exercises its right under GC11 paragraph 1 (a), each party shall procure that the relevant senior executives consider the matter in dispute and meet with senior executives of the other party within thirty (30) calendar days of receipt of the written notice of referral to attempt to reach agreement on the matter in question; or 

(c)        if the parties fail to resolve any dispute which has been referred to directors/senior executives under GC11.1 paragraph 1 (a), either party may refer the matter to the Energy Commission  for determination as the Energy Commission  sees fit.  All parties shall be bound by any decision of the Energy Commission.  If it sees fit the Energy Commission may:  

• determine the dispute itself; or 
• refer the dispute for determination by arbitration. 

            GC11.2      DISPUTES DETERMINED BY THE ENERGY COMMISSION          

Where the Energy Commission decides to determine the dispute himself, it may direct either party or both parties to pay the Energy Commission’s costs. 

Any party aggrieved with a decision of the Energy Commission may appeal to a Tribunal constituted by the Minister.  The Tribunal shall comprise a maximum of three members and its decision shall be final. 

            GC11.3      DISPUTES DETERMINED BY ARBITRATION 

If the dispute is referred by the Energy Commission to arbitration, the Energy Commission shall serve a written notice on the parties to the dispute to that effect and the rules of arbitration of the Regional Centre for Arbitration Kuala Lumpur (RCAKL).  The rules for arbitration under the auspices of the centre are the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules of 1976 with certain modifications and adaptations as set forth in the rules for arbitration of RCAKL.  

Any arbitration conducted in accordance with the preceding paragraph shall be conducted in accordance with RCAKL rules, as modified: 

(a)   in the City of Kota Kinabalu in Sabah;  

(b)   in English;  

(c)   the law applicable to this Grid Code shall be the Laws of Malaysia; and (d)          by a single arbitrator. 

Where the Grid Code provides that any dispute or difference of the parties in relation to a particular matter should be referred to an expert for resolution, such difference or dispute may not be referred to arbitration unless and until such expert determination has been sought and obtained. 

Any arbitration award shall be final and binding on the parties. 

GC12    CODE CONFIDENTIALITY 

Several parts of the Grid Code specify the extent of confidentiality which applies to data supplied by Users to the Chairman.  Unless otherwise specifically stated in the Grid Code, the Chairman shall be at liberty to share all data with all Users likely to be affected by the matters concerned and with the Energy Commission.   

< End of General Conditions > 

PLANNING CODE 

PC1      INTRODUCTION 

The Planning Code (PC) specifies the requirements for the supply of information by Distributor and Usersconnected or seeking connection to the Grid System.  This is required to enable the planning engineers within the Grid Owner and Single Buyer to undertake the planning and development of their Networks, which also takes due account of the network development plans required to meet future generation requirements.  It also specifies the technical and design criteria and procedures to be applied by the Single Buyer, Grid Owner and Network Owner in the planning and development of a Grid System. All these need to be taken into account by Users connected or seeking connection to a Grid System in the planning and development of their own User’sinstallation including Power Stations. 

In addition, the PC establishes the requirements for the Single Buyer to notify the GSO and  Grid Owner of its proposals for future generation capacity through a Generation Development Plan and for the Grid Owner to notify of its proposals for future transmission development through the Transmission Development Plan. 

For the purpose of the PC the Users referred to above are defined in PC3. 

            PC1.1        DEVELOPMENT OF THE GRID SYSTEM 

The development of a Grid System, involving its reinforcement or extension, will arise for a number of reasons including, but not limited to, the following: 

(a)        growth in Demand for electricity from existing Consumers and the connection of new Consumers;

(b)       addition of new generating Capacity, modification of existing generating Capacity, or the removal of generation Capacity connected to a  Grid System by a User; 

(c)        development on a User’s Network already connected to the Grid System; 

(d)       introduction of a new Point of Common  Coupling  or the modification of an existing Point of Common  Coupling  between a User’s Network and a Grid System; 

(e)        the cumulative effect of a number of such developments referred to in (a), (b) or (c) by one or more Users including the addition or removal of significant blocks of Demand. 

All Grid System developments must be planned with sufficient lead-time to allow any necessary consent to be obtained and detailed engineering design, procurement and construction work to be completed.  Therefore, the PC imposes appropriate time scales on the exchange of information between the User and the appropriate Network Owner. 

PC2      OBJECTIVES 

The objectives of the Planning Code are to: 

• enable the Grid System to be planned, designed and constructed economically, reliably, safely and having regard to sustainable development and the minimising of environmental impact; 
• provide for the supply of information required from Users, in order for the Network Owners  to plan the development of the Grid System and to facilitate existing and proposed connections;  
• set out requirements for the supply of information in respect of any proposed development on a User’sNetwork which may impact on the performance of a Grid  System; 
• formalise the exchange and specify the requirements of planning data between the Single Buyer, Grid Owner  and Users, which will eventually form the basis of a connection offer and Connection Agreement;  
• provide for the supply of information required by the Single Buyer for the optimisation of future generation capacity planning and procurement of new generation capacity; 
• to provide the procedures for application for new connections or modification to existing connections;  
• provide detailed plans for implementing the Rural Electrification Plan in Sabah, in accordance with the projects set by the Ministry of Rural and Regional Development; and 
• to provide sufficient information for a User to assess opportunities for connection and to plan and develop the Users’ System so as to be compatible with a Grid System.   

PC3      SCOPE 

The PC applies to the Single Buyer, Grid Owner and GSO, and to Users which in the PC means; 

(a)        Generator;  

(b)       Distributor

(c)        Network Owner; and 

(d)       Directly Connected Large Power Consumers.

The PC applies to Rural Networks owner seeking connection to the system  

The above categories of Users will become bound by the PC prior to them generating, supplying or consuming, as the case may be.  References to the various categories of User should therefore be taken as referring to them in that prospective role as well as to Users actually connected. 

It is the responsibility of each User to keep the Grid Owner and/or Single Buyer informed of all changes, relating to the information requirements of the Planning Code.   

The production of the Generation Development Plan referred to in PC5.2, is the responsibility of the SingleBuyer.  All Users with a Power Station will submit their proposals, including any modifications that impact upon Power Station performance to the Single Buyer in accordance with the Planning Code. 

In addition the Single Buyer shall prepare, with support from the Distributor the Rural Electrification Plan which shall either by the provision of new Rural Networks with its own generation or extending the TransmissionNetwork provide electrification to those villages that are currently not serviced. 

The Rural Electrification Plan shall indicate how the Ministry of Rural and Regional Development’s targets for the complete electrification of Sabah shall be achieved. 

The production of the Transmission Development Plan, referred to in PC5.3 is the responsibility of the Grid Owner who will coordinate the inputs from the Users.   

Any information relating to changes to an Interconnector will be notified directly by the Interconnected Party to GSO, Grid Owner or the appropriate Network Owner.  Where transmission Capacity is affected by a proposed change, the Grid Owner and GSO will advise the Single Buyer, who will include this in the Generation Development Plan as appropriate. 

PC4      DEVELOPMENT OF THE GRID SYSTEM AND APPLICABLE STANDARDS 

            PC4.1         ESTABLISHING THE LICENCE STANDARDS

Single Buyer, Grid Owner and GSO shall jointly establish a License Standards for the Sabah and Labuan Grid System and submit to Energy Commission for endorsement .The License Standards shall specify the reliability criteria and transmission power quality standards to be applied in development plans, operation plans and connection plans . It shall also include the generation security criteria. This standard shall specify Grid System simulation tests required in evaluating the reliability performance during the planning stage. 

            PC4.2        APPLICATION OF THE LICENSE STANDARDS TO PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT 

The Grid Owner and Network Owner will apply License Standards in the planning and development of the Transmission Network and/or User Network.    

The Single Buyer shall apply the License Standards in the planning and development of the Generation Development Plan and these shall also be taken into account by Users in the planning and development of their own Power Stations.   

The Grid Owner shall apply the Licence Standards relevant to planning of connection to the Grid System. Potential Users may request connections to the Transmission Network which may be above or below the established Licence Standards. In cases where potential Users have requested connections below the minimum required by the Standards the Grid Owner may refuse such a connection if it is likely to adversely affect other Users connected to the system. Requests for connections above the requirements of the Licence Standards are subject to agreement between the Grid Owner and the potential User. 

The Grid Owner shall also apply the Licence Standards in ensuring compatibility of the connections from the Transmission Network to Distribution Network or User Networks as the case may be. 

The Users shall also apply and fully take into account of and comply with the Licence Standards relevant to planning, connection to and development of the Grid System, in the development of their own Power Stations, Distribution Systems and User Networks. 

            PC4.3        SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT STATEMENT 

The Energy Commission is able to assess the opportunities for connection to and the future development of the system through the 10 Year System Development Statement. 

The Grid Owner shall by the end of December each year produce a System Development Statementshowing for each of the succeeding ten (10) years the opportunities available for connecting to and using the Transmission Network and indicating those parts of the Transmission Network most suited to new connections and transport of further quantities of electricity. This shall take into account all the developments planned by the Grid Owner and the developments notified to the Grid Owner by the Usersthrough connection applications and relevant Connection Agreements. 

The System Development Statement which is submitted to the Energy Commission, identifies and evaluates the opportunities for connection in Sabah and Labuan Grid System. The document shall at least include but not limited to the following: 

(1)        Grid System and background to system development; 

(2)        Aggregated load forecast; 

(3)        Generation Plant capacity developments including existing approved plant and plant under construction; 

(4)        Generating Plant capacity requirements for compliance with Generation Reliability Standard; 

(5)        Existing and planned transmission developments including the requirements for equipment replacement and technology up-gradation; 

(6)        Transmission Network capability including load flows and system fault levels; 

(7)        Transmission Network performance information including frequency and voltage excursions and fault statistics; and 

(8)        Commentary indicating those parts of the Transmission Network considered most suited to new connections and transport of further quantities of electricity. 

On submission of the annual System Development Statement to the Energy Commission, the Grid Owner shall brief the Energy Commission on the generation requirements, connection opportunities and system developments for the next ten (10) years. 

            PC4.4        PROCESS OF CONNECTION PLANNING 

Upon receipt of an application for connection or a modification to a Connection Point, the Grid Ownershall carry out appropriate studies to recommend a connection arrangement compliant with the Grid Codefor connection to the Transmission Network. 

The details for a Connection Application, or for a variation of an existing Connection, as the case may be, to be submitted by a User will include: 

(1) a description of the Plant and/or Apparatus to be connected to the Transmission Network or of the Modification relating to the User's Plant and/or Apparatus already connected to the Transmission Network or, as the case may be, of the proposed new connection or Modification to the connection within the User System of the User, each of which shall be termed a User Development in the PC; (2)the relevant Standard Planning Data as listed in Part 1 of the Appendix A; and 

                  (3)     the desired Completion Date of the proposed User Development. 

The completed application form for a Connection Application, or for a variation of an existing Connection, as the case may be, will be sent to the Grid Owner as more particularly provided in the application form provided by the Grid Owner. 

Any offer of a Connection, made by the Single Buyer, must be accepted by the applicant User within the period stated in the offer, after which the offer automatically lapses. Acceptance of the offer relating to the User Development work, commits and binds both parties to the terms of the offer. Within twenty eight (28) days (or such longer period as the Single Buyer agrees in consultation with the Grid Owner may agree in any particular case) of acceptance of the offer the User shall supply the Detailed Planning Data to the Grid Owner pertaining to the User Development as listed in Part 2 of the Appendix A. 

            PC 4.5       MAIN CRITERIA OF THE LICENSE STANDARDS 

Grid Owner, GSO and Single Buyer shall stipulate the Generation Reliability Standards, Transmission Reliability Standards, Transmission Performance Criteria and Transmission Power Quality Standards in greater details in the License Standards.  

 The License Standards shall be consistent with the requirements given in PC and CC of this Grid Code.  The License Standards shall at least comply with, but not limited to the following reliability criteria:  

                        PC4.5.1             Reliability Performance 

a)         During normal operation or (N-0) condition, all the transmission equipment shall be operated within its allowable design limits. 

b)         For credible single contingency or (N-1) condition, the system shall be secure and there shall be no loss of load. For the case of the unplanned outage of a step down transformer from 132kV to 33kV or 11 kV, temporary loss of load is acceptable provided that these load can be transferred to other adjacent substations via Distribution Network, within 30 minutes or an acceptable time interval agreed by Single Buyer and GSO. For rural electrification transmission or sub-transmission line, this (n-1) secure requirement may be exempted, in consideration of sustainable and economical supply design.  

c)          For credible (N-2) contingency condition, disruption of load is allowed, but cascade tripping leading to wide area disturbance should be avoided. 

d)         For extreme contingencies such as the total outage of a substation, power station or a transmission corridor, studies are required to assess the risk of total system blackout and identify mitigation plans, remedial protection scheme to reduce the impact or probability of wide area blackout occurrence. Remedial system integrity protection scheme deemed necessary to protect system integrity by GSO, verified by system simulation studies shall be implemented by Grid Owner and Users. If GSO considers that the contingency as too rare or the mitigation as not economically justified, he may recommend not to mitigate after discussing with Single Buyer, Grid Owner and Energy Commission. 

                        PC4.5.2             Frequency 

The Frequency of the Grid System is nominally maintained at 50Hz.  However, due to the dynamic nature of the Grid System, the Frequency can change rapidly under Abnormal System Conditions or fault conditions.  Frequency limits are tabulated in this section of the Planning Code.  This caters for Normal Operating Conditions and Abnormal System Conditions where under some System fault conditions, the Frequency can deviate outside the Normal Operating Conditions for brief periods.  Such conditions are summarised in Table 4.5.2 below. 

Table 4.5.2: Frequency Excursions 

                        PC4.5.3             Voltage 

                                     PC4.5.3.1          Steady-State Voltage 

Table 4.5.3.1 Steady-State Voltage 

                                    PC4.5.3.2          Transient Voltage 

Due to the effect of travelling waves on the Transmission or Distribution Network as a result of atmospheric disturbances or the switching of long transmission lines, transient over-voltage can occur at certain node points of the network concerned.  The insulation level of all Apparatus must be coordinated to take account of transient over-voltages and sensitive User equipment should be suitably designed to withstand this effect. Substation equipment   and transmission lines should be installed with surge arrester and good earth system to mitigate against risk of equipment damage. 

The transient over-voltage during lightning strikes is typically experienced over a voltage range of 120% of nominal voltage.  Connection Points close to a Network where lightning strikes will experience voltages higher than this.   

Unless otherwise agreed in writing with the Grid Owner the basic insulation level (BIL) for User Apparatus shall be as follows: 

(a)            at 500kV voltage level, the BIL is 1550kV 

(b)            at 275 kV voltage level, the BIL is 1050 kV; 

(c)             at 132 kV voltage level, the BIL is 650 kV; 

(d)            at 66 kV voltage level, the BIL is 325 kV;  (e)       at 33 kV voltage level, the BIL is 170 kV; and 

                                             (f)      at 11 and6.6 kV voltage level, the BIL is 75kV. 

                                     PC4.5.3.3          Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker 

Voltage fluctuations and flicker are normally caused by a User’s equipment that distorts or interferes with the normal voltage waveform of the Grid System.  Such interference is a product of a relatively large current inrush when Apparatus, such as a large motor or a large capacitor, is suddenly switched on or resulting from the sudden increased Demand from for example arc furnace.  Such distortions can disturb Users equipment and cause, for instance through flickering lights, Consumer annoyance.  The current inrush acting over the Networkimpedance is the mechanism that produces the voltage dip and the corresponding voltage swell when the Apparatus concerned is offloaded.  This is the cause of the voltage fluctuation and/or flicker.  

Users are required to minimise the occurrence of voltage fluctuations and flicker on the Network as measured at the Point of Common Coupling for the User.  The voltage fluctuations and flicker limits are contained in but not limited to the following documents:

(a)        IEC/TR3 61000-3-7 (1996-11) “Assessment of emission limits for fluctuating loads in MV and HV Grid Systems”;  

(b)        IEC 61000-4-15 (2003-02) “Flicker meter – functional and design specifications” (formerly IEC 868);  

(c)        EA Engineering Recommendation P.28 (1989) – Planning limits for voltage fluctuations caused by industrial, commercial and domestic equipment in the United Kingdom; and 

(d)        MS 1533 (2002) – Recommended practices in monitoring electric power quality. 

While the Grid Owner, Distributor and Network Owners shall comply with the standards listed in (a) to (d) above this will not prevent voltage fluctuations being experienced by Users due to System faults. Those industrial Users that intend to use equipment, such as process control equipment, that is likely to malfunction during voltage dips should consider installing some form of energy storage device to maintain the voltage level inside the factory during the fault clearance and System recovery times. 

                        PC4.5.4             Harmonics  

Harmonics are normally produced by Apparatus operated by Users, which are generating waveforms that distort the fundamental 50 Hz sine wave.  Such harmonic generation can damage other User’s Apparatus or can result in the failure of Network Owner’s Apparatus.   

The limits for harmonic levels are given in but not limited to the following documents: 

(a)        IEC 61000-3-6 (1996-10) “Assessment of emission limits for fluctuating loads in MV and HV power systems”; and 

(b)       EA Engineering Recommendation G5/4 (2001-02) – Planning levels for harmonic voltage distortion and the connection of non-linear equipment to transmission systems and distribution networks in the United Kingdom. 

                        PC4.5.5             Protection 

                                    PC4. 5.5.1          Protection Fault Clearing Time Criteria 

Total fault clearance times include time for relay operation, circuit breaker operation, and telecommunication signalling. For the overhead line protection the fault clearing times should not be more than the followings:

(a)        for the 500 kV lines, 5 cycles (100 ms); 

(b)        for the 275 kV lines, 5 cycles (100 ms);  

(c)        for the 132 kV lines, 7.5 cycles (150 ms); and 

(d)        for the 66 kV lines,  7.5 cycles (150 ms).  

Users connecting to the Transmission Network will be expected to coordinate their protection times according to the clearance times given.  Prospective Users whose proposed protection scheme cannot achieve these times, or whose Power Station cannot continue operations, whilst line faults on the Power System are cleared, may be required to resubmit their proposals for final approval by the Grid Owner. 

Users should note that the total fault clearance times for the Distribution Network and the Rural Networks may be considerably longer than the times give in (a) to (d) above, which apply to the Transmission Network. 

                                    PC4.5.5.2           Short Circuit Limits 

The Grid System shall be planned such that the maximum sub-transient three phase symmetrical short circuit fault levels are not greater than the switching equipment short-circuit ratings, the breaking and making capacities of switching equipment shall not be exceeded under maximum system short circuit condition. 

For three-phase or single-phase-to-earth faults, the planned maximum subtransient short circuit fault levels shall not be greater than that indicated in the table below: 

Table 4.5.5.2 Short Circuit Rating Break Capacity 

                        PC4.5.6             Published Grid System performance 

The GSO, Grid Owner and Network Owner shall submit to the Energy Commission data relating to the actual Grid System performance on a regional basis.  The relevant data to be submitted shall be determined by the Energy Commission. Some examples of the data are tripping rate and availability of generator, lines, transformers and bus bar; system minutes, outcome of LOLE, voltage dip occurrence at selected substations.  

A User may request the applicable Network Owner or Grid Owner to provide him with the published Grid System performance data as and when it becomes available. 

            PC5      PLANNING PROCESSES 

            PC5.0    GENERAL 

The Grid Owner shall annually prepare the System Development Statement, which shall include a Demand Forecast, Generation Development Plan and Transmission Development Plan to identify the system developments required to ensure compliance with the Licence Standards for submission to the Energy Commission in accordance with the procedures and data received from Users as described in this PC5 and elsewhere in this Planning Code.   

Each User shall submit Standard Planning Data and Detailed Planning Data, as more particularly specified in PCA.1 and PCA.2. Where the User has more than one Connection Point then appropriate data is required for each Connection Point. Data shall be annually submitted by the Users by the end of August in the current year “Year 0” and for each year of the ten (10) succeeding years. 

The Users shall submit data in writing on “by exception” basis submitting only the relevant changes to the data from the previous data submission or by declaring “no change” if this is the case. It is the responsibility of the User to submit accurate data in relation to its planned developments and the timescales in which these developments will be implemented. The Users also have the responsibility of notifying any changes to their planned developments without waiting for the annual data submission. 

In order to enable an agreement to be reached with the User over any change and/or developments proposed, the Grid Owner shall notify each User of any material modifications arising from the outcome of the annual Transmission Development Plan that may concern that particular User.   

A full Planning Data submission must be provided by a User when applying for a new connection or modifications to an existing connection to the Transmission Network. This data shall include any changes to the User Network and the operating regime. In these submissions the User must always provide Standard Planning Data. Provision of the Detailed Planning Data shall be at the request and in accordance with the requirements of the Grid Owner.  

The notification shall also include a full timetable for the implementation and effective date at which the proposed connection or modifications will become fully operational. 

To enable Users to model the Transmission Network in relation to short circuit current contributions, the Grid Owner is required to submit to Users the relevant Network Data.  The data will be given by August of each year and will cover the following ten (10) years. 

            PC5.1        DEMAND (LOAD) FORECASTING 

The primary responsibility to forecast the electricity Demand (Load) and electrical Energy Requirementsof customers in their respective areas, rests with the Users, Distributors and Network Owners as specified in the terms of their respective Licenses. The demand forecasts shall be prepared to include the data specified in Appendix A and any additional data or clarification as may be requested by the Single Buyer. 

As part of the preparation of the annual System Development Statement as in PC4.3, Generation Development Plan as in PC5.2 and Transmission Development Plan, the Single Buyer shall have the responsibility to aggregate the Demand (Load) and Energy Requirement Forecast Data received fromDistributors and  Network Owner. The single Demand (Load) and Energy Requirements forecast prepared by the  Single Buyer covering the next ten (10) succeeding years shall form the basis for the preparation of the annual System Development Statement by the Grid Owner. 

It is also the primary responsibility of the Distributors, Network Owners and Users with User Networksto notify the Single Buyer and Grid Owner of any material changes to their forecasts of Demand (Load) and electrical Energy Requirements at the end of August and at the end of March each year. 

The Single Buyer shall take the Demand (Load) and Energy that has been contracted by the Single Buyer from Externally Interconnected Party(ies) into account in the preparation of the annual single Demand (Load) and Energy Requirements covering the next ten (10) succeeding years. 

             PC5.2       GENERATION ADEQUACY PLANNING 

                        PC5.2.1             Generation Development Plan 

The Single Buyer shall annually calculate the generation adequacy and capacity requirements for the next ten (10) succeeding years and to notify the Energy Commission of these requirements in a Generation Development Plan. 

In annually calculating the generation adequacy and capacity requirements for the next ten (10) succeeding years, the  Single Buyer, shall take into account of the demand forecast scenarios and the following factors:  

1)         the single aggregated Demand (Load) and Energy Requirements forecast prepared by the Single Buyer  covering the next ten (10) succeeding years including the maximum and minimum demands as well as demands on holidays and special days;  

2)         the amount and nature of the existing Generation Capacity at the time of the preparation of the calculations, the planned and forced outage rates of the existing generating plant and its planned outage programme and durations of those outages for maintenance;  

3)         Generating Plant already approved and under construction and typical scheduled and forced outage rates and duration of such outages;  

4)         the Demand (Load) and Energy that has been contracted by the Single Buyer from Externally Interconnected Party(ies);  

5)         National and International Economic growth forecasts; 

6)         electrical and other forms of energy sale statistics and market share data;  

7)         Government of Malaysia (GOM) fuel and energy policy; and 

8)         Plans for the reinforcement of the Rural Networks and electrification of the remaining rural areas not yet electrified. 

                        PC5.2.2             Generation Capacity Planning Criteria 

For determining the generation capacity planning criteria, the Single Buyer shall apply the security and connection criteria included in the Generation Reliability Standard. Specifically, for the main interconnected Grid System this should be based on a model utilising loss of load expectation, where the Single Buyer determines the acceptable loss of load expectation value (LOLE) as the primary criterion.  Currently in conducting Generation Development Planning study, the Generation Planning Criteria uses a LOLE value of value of one and a half day (1.5) per year representing a Loss of Load Probability (LOLP) of 0.00411. By 2019 the LOLE value shall be reduced to one (1) day per year which is equivalent to a LOLP of 0.00274. The LOLE calculation shall take into account of impact due to any intermittent power source. 

In addition to applying the LOLP as the primary criterion, , the Single Buyer shall also take into account the secondary criterion which shall be the size of the largest Generating Unit connected to the Grid System or the largest import across an Interconnection that can be accommodated on the Grid System.  The secondary criterion is the requirement that there shall be no consequential interruption of load following the loss of the single largest Generating Unit connected to the Grid System or the loss of the largest Interconnector. For combine cycle gas turbine in Sabah and Labuan system, the single largest Generating Unit in the Grid System is taken as the generation loss when a largest single gas turbine unit trips, including corresponding generation loss due to the steam turbine.  Specifically, this is equivalent to half a block of combined cycle block for a block consisting of 2 gas turbines with 1 steam turbine. 

The size of any proposed Generating Unit should take account of the Grid System maximum and minimum Demand at the time in the event that the proposed 

Generating Unit trips out. 

During periods of light load it may not be possible to operate an overly large Generating Unit when load cannot be spread across enough other Generating Units to achieve an N-1 condition. 

It is the duty of the Single Buyer to carry out calculations that quantify the technical and financial impact of introducing Generating Unit sizes or Interconnector import which increases the Largest Power Infeed Loss Risk (due to the loss of the largest generator or Interconnector import) specified in the Generation Security Standard. This quantification shall evaluate the additionalSpinning Reserve that would be required and an assessment as to whether frequency control within the limits specified in the Transmission System Reliability Standards of the License Standards could be achieved under all possible system demand periods from peak to minimum system load and special days. The financial impact of the additional Spinning Reserve that would be required shall be calculated based upon marginal generation costs to meet the particular Demand. 

In preparing the annual Generation Development Plan, the Single Buyer shall use appropriate parameters for the existing generating plant submitted in accordance with the provisions of this PCand data relating to performance and availability of such plant as continually recorded by the GSO. For any plant, which has as yet not been planned, the Single Buyer shall use typical parameters applicable to such plant in international practice. The list of data to be used in Single Buyer studies in relation to the Generation Reliability Standard is included in Appendix A. 

Single Buyer will include a 10 years generation development for Rural Network. For the Rural Networks, the development may adopt a lower reliability standard of greater than 1.5 days per year in consideration of sustainable economic development. Single Buyer shall declare its planning criteria adopted for Rural Networks System, which is not connected to the main grid. 

            PC5.3        TRANSMISSION ADEQUACY PLANNING 

The Grid Owner shall apply the Licence Standards relevant to planning and development, in the planning and development of the Transmission Network. Full application of the Licence Standards shall be deemed to provide transmission adequacy for the Transmission Network and adequacy of connections to generation and demand at the planning stage by the Grid Owner. 

The Grid Owner shall prepare a Ten (10) Years Transmission Development Plan to report the compliance of the Grid System with the Licence Standards on an annual basis to the Energy Commission. The report shall include transmission expansion plans for new connections and extensions to the Transmission Network. It shall also include the compliance status of the Transmission Networkand the reasons for non-compliance in certain cases together with the proposed remedies and timescales for implementation of those remedies by end of August each year. 

The Transmission Development Plan shall include details of Power Park Module development and studies of reliability impact due to intermittent power source. 

Where deemed necessary by Grid Owner, the Transmission Development Plan shall also include details of the development of the 33 kV Network along with the Transmission Network and show where new Points of Common Coupling or reinforcement to existing Points of Common Coupling are required between the Transmission Network and 

Distribution Network. This should include details of future substation sites that require land to be obtained and outline planning permission obtained, for the time when the Network loading justifies the necessary reinforcement. 

Users connected to the Rural Networks shall provide data for the preparation of the Transmission Development Plan if they are above 5MWs per single site or specifically requested to do so by the Grid Owner. 

Each User shall also report the compliance of their User Networks with the appropriate License Standards and their compatibility at the Connection Points as well as the adequacy of their connections on an annual basis to the Energy Commission and the Grid Owner by the end of August each year. 

 The compliance reporting to the Energy Commission as part of the Transmission Development Planshall be in writing on a “by exception” basis, in that only the noncompliant items shall be reported together with a general statement confirming the compliance of the remainder. 

Inaccurate or false reporting of compliance shall be deemed to be a serious breach of this Grid Code as it can lead to Grid System failure. 

        PC6           CONNECTION PLANNING 

Following receipt of an application for connection to the Transmission Network the Grid Owner will undertake the necessary studies to enable an offer of connection to be made by the Single Buyer within three (3) months of receipt of the Preliminary Project Data. 

The magnitude and complexity of any Transmission Network extension or reinforcement will vary according to the nature, location and timing of the proposed User Development and it may, in the event, be necessary for the Grid Owner to carry out more extensive system studies to evaluate fully the impact of the proposed User Development on the Grid System. Where in the opinion of the Grid Owner such additional detailed studies are necessary to ensure the security of the Grid System, the connection offer may indicate the areas that require more detailed analysis; and before such additional studies are required, the User shall indicate whether it requests the Grid Owner to undertake the studies necessary to proceed to enable the Single Buyer to make a revised offer within the three (3) month period normally allowed or such extended period that the Grid Owner may consider necessary. 

To enable the Grid Owner to carry out any of the above mentioned detailed system studies, the User may, at the request of the Grid Owner, be required to provide some or all of the Detailed Planning Data listed in Part 2 of the Appendix A immediately after the Preliminary Project Data as indicated in PC7.2 provided that the Grid Owner can reasonably demonstrate that it is relevant and necessary. 

PC7       DATA REQUIREMENTS  

            PC7.0        GENERAL

It is the responsibility of the User to submit accurate data in relation to its planned developments and the timescales in which these developments will be implemented. The Users also have the responsibility of notifying any changes to their planned developments without waiting for the annual data submission.  

The Grid Owner shall provide the relevant Planning Data (as detailed out in Appendix A) as and when finalized to the GSO to the extent these are required for operational planning and scheduling. 

            PC7.1         USER DATA  

The Planning Code, requires two types of data to be supplied by Users:  

(1)        Standard Planning Data; and 

(2)        Detailed Planning Data, 

The particulars of the Standard Planning Data and Detailed Planning Data are set out in PCA.1.4. 

The PC considers the Standard Planning Data and Detailed Planning Data, at three different levels reflecting both progressing levels of accuracy and confidentiality: 

(1)        Preliminary Project Data, 

(2)        Committed project Data; and 

(3)        Contracted Project Data.  

            as more particularly described in the following paragraphs. 

Data supplied by a User in conjunction with an application for connection to a Power System shall be considered as “Preliminary Project Data” until a binding Connection Agreement is established 

When the offer for a Connection Agreement is accepted, the data relating to the User’s development already submitted as Preliminary Project Data and subsequent data required by the Grid Owner under this PC, will become “Committed project Data” once it has been approved by the Grid Owner. 

Contracted Project Data is the data required to be submitted by the User in accordance with the PC after completion and signing of the relevant Agreement. 

To reflect different types of data, Preliminary Project Data and Committed project Data are themselves divided into: 

(1)        those items of Standard Planning Data and Detailed Planning Data which will always be forecast, known as Forecast Data; and 

(2)        those items of Standard Planning Data and Detailed Planning Data  which relate to Plant and/or Apparatus which upon connection will become Registered Data, but which prior to connection, for the ten (10) succeeding years, will be an estimate of what is expected, known as Estimated Registered Data.  

Where a User does not supply data within the timescale required under this PC, the Grid Owner may assume appropriate typical parameters, and these will be deemed to be Estimated Registered Data and will be used in all the planning and operational processes and studies but the responsibility of any consequence of the use of this data lies with the User.  

            PC7.2        PRELIMINARY PROJECT DATA  

The Planning Data that shall be supplied by a User with an application for connection to or use of the Grid System shall be considered as Preliminary Project Data until a binding appropriate Agreement is established between the Grid Owner or the Single Buyer and the User. This data will be treated as confidential by the Grid Owner and shall not be disclosed to another User until it becomes Committed project Data or Contracted Project Data.  

Preliminary Project Data will normally only contain the Standard Planning Data unless the Detailed Planning Data is required in advance of the normal timescale to enable the Grid Owner to carry out additional detailed system studies as described in PC6.2.  

The Grid Owner may disclose the confidential Preliminary Project Data to specialists, experts or consultants it may engage in the course of its system studies only with due confidentiality provisions for such disclosure.  

            PC7.3        COMMITTED PROJECT DATA  

Once the offer for a relevant Agreement is accepted, the data relating to the User Development already submitted as Preliminary Project Data, and subsequent data required by the Grid Owner under this PC, will become Committed project Data once it is approved to be adequate by the Grid Owner.  

This data, together with other data held by the Grid Owner relating to the Grid System will form the background against which new applications by any User will be considered and against which planning of the Grid System will be undertaken.  Accordingly, Committed project Data will not be treated as confidential to the extent that the Grid Owner is obliged to use it:  

(1)        in the preparation of the System Development Statement and in any further information given pursuant to the System Development Statement; 

(2)        when considering and/or advising on applications (or possible applications) of other Users. This use, could include making use of it by giving data from it, both orally and in writing, to other Usersmaking an application or considering or discussing a possible application which is, in the Grid Owner's view, relevant to that other application or possible application;  

(3)        for the GSO’s operational planning purposes; or 

(4)        under the terms of an Interconnection Agreement to pass  it on as part of system information on the Grid System. 

            PC7.4        CONTRACTED PROJECT DATA 

The PC requires that at the time the User indicates his readiness to physically establish the connection; any estimated values assumed for planning purposes are confirmed or, where practical, replaced by validated actual values and by updated estimates for the future and by updated forecasts for Forecast Data items such as Demand. This data is then termed Contracted Project Data.  

To reflect the three (3) types of data referred to above, Contracted Project Data is itself divided into: 

(1)        those items of Standard Planning Data and Detailed Planning Data  which will always be Forecast Data, known as Forecast Data; and 

(2)        those items of Standard Planning Data and Detailed Planning Data  which upon connection become fixed (subject to any subsequent changes), known as Registered Data; and  

(3)        those items of Standard Planning Data and Detailed Planning Data which for the purposes of the Plant and/or Apparatus concerned as at the date of submission are Registered Data but which for the ten (10) succeeding years will be an estimate of what is expected, known as Estimated Registered Data, as more particularly provided in the Appendix A. 

Contracted Project Data, together with other data held by the Grid Owner relating to the Grid System, will form the background against which new applications   will be considered and against which planning of the Grid System will be undertaken.  Accordingly, Contracted Project Data will not be treated as confidential to the extent that the Grid Owner is obliged to use it: 

(1)        in the preparation of the System Development Statement and in any further information given pursuant to the System Development Statement; 

(2)        when considering and/or advising on applications (or possible applications) of other Users. This use, could include making use of it by giving data from it, both orally and in writing, to other Usersmaking an application or considering or discussing a possible application which is, in Grid Owner'sview, relevant to that 

other application or possible application;  (3) for the GSO’s operational planning purposes; or 

(3)        under the terms of an Interconnection Agreement to pass it on as part of system information on the Transmission Network.

< End of Planning Code – Main Text > 

PLANNING CODE – APPENDIX A 

PLANNING DATA REQUIREMENTS  

PART 1 

        PC A1        STANDARD PLANNING DATA 

                        PC A1.2.1          General

All Users with Demand in excess of 1 MW shall provide the Grid Owner with Demand, both current and forecast, as specified in this Planning Code provided that all forecasted maximum Demand levels submitted to the Grid Owner by Users shall be on the basis of corrected Average Hot Spell (AHS) Conditions. 

In order that the Grid Owner is able to estimate the diversified total Demand at various times throughout the year, each User shall provide such additional forecasts Demand data as the Grid Owner may reasonably request. 

                        PC A1.2.2          Demand (Active and Reactive) Data Requirements 

Users shall provide forecast peak day Demand profile (MW and power factor) and monthly Peak Demand variations by time marked hourly throughout the peak day, net of the output profile of all Generating Units directly connected to a User’s Network and not subject to Central Dispatch.  In addition Users shall advise of any sensitivity of User Demand to any voltage and frequency variations on the Grid System; 

The maximum harmonic content which the User would expect its Demand to impose on the Grid System; and the average and maximum phase unbalance which the User would expect its Demand to impose on the Grid System, shall also be supplied. 

                        PC A1.2.3          Fluctuating Loads (>1 MVA) 

The following details are required by the Network Owner – responsible for the Network to which the User is connected, or proposes to connect, concerning any fluctuating Loads in excess of 1 MVA: 

a)         details of the cyclic variation of Demand (Active and Reactive Power). 

b)         The rates of change of Demand (Active and Reactive Power) both 

increasing and decreasing; 

c)          The shortest repetitive time interval between fluctuations in Demand (Active and ReactivePower); 

d)         The magnitude of the largest step changes in Demand (Active and Reactive Power) both increasing and decreasing; 

e)         Maximum Energy demanded per hour by the fluctuating Demand cycle; 

and  

f)          Steady state residual Demand (Active Power) occurring between Demand fluctuations. 

                        PC A1.2.4          User’s Abnormal Loads 

Details should be provided on any individual loads which have characteristics differing from the typical range of loads in domestic, commercial or industrial fields.  In particular, details on arc furnaces, rolling mills, traction installations, etc. that are liable to cause flicker problems to other Consumers. 

            PC A1.3     GENERATING UNIT AND POWER STATION DATA 

                        PC A1.3.1          General 

All Generating Unit and Power Station data submitted to the Grid Owner shall be in a form approved by the Grid Owner.  Where the User has undertaken modelling of the Grid System thenthe Grid Owner should be advised of this and the results of the modelling including an electronic copy of the modelling data made available to the Grid Owner.  For the avoidance of doubt the Useris not required under the PC to provide the modelling software to the Grid Owner, unless it so chooses. 

                        PC A1.3.2          Power Station Data Requirements 

The data required relates to each point of connection to the Grid System, and shall include: 

a)      the Capacity of Power Station in MW sent out for Peak Capacity, 

Economic Capacity and Minimum Generation; and 

b)     maximum auxiliary Demand (Active and Reactive Power) made by the 

Power Station at start up and normal operation; and 

c)      the operating regime of Generating Units not subject to Central Dispatch. 

Where a Generating Unit connects to the User’s Network, the output from this Generating Unit is to be taken into account by the User in its Demand profile submission to the Grid Owner, except where such Generating Unit is subject to Central Dispatch.  In the case where Generating Unitsare not subject to Central Dispatch, the User must inform the Grid Owner of the number of Generating Units together with their total Capacity.   On receipt of such data, the User may be further required, at the Grid Owner’s discretion, to provide details of the Generating Units together with their energy output profile. 

                        PC A1.3.3          Generating Unit Data Requirements 

The following parameters are required for each Generating Unit (which includes for the avoidance of doubt unconventional Generating Units): 

a)         Prime mover type; 

b)         Generating Unit type; 

c)          Generating Unit rating and nominal voltage (MVA @ power factor & kV); 

d)         Generating Unit rated power factor; 

e)         Economic Capacity sent out (MW); 

f)          Maximum Continuous Rating generation (MCR) and Minimum Generation capability sent out (MW); 

g)         Reactive Power capability (both leading and lagging) at the lower voltage terminals of the generator transformers for MCR generation, Economic 

Capacity and minimum loading; 

h)         Maximum auxiliary Demand in MW and Mvar; 

i)           Inertia constant (MW sec/MVA); 

j)           Short circuit ratio; 

k)          Direct axis transient reactance; 

l)           Direct axis sub-transient time constant; 

m)        Generator transformer rated MVA, positive sequence reactance and tap change rate; 

n)         Generating Unit capability chart. 

            PC A1.4     POWER PARK MODULE DATA REQUIREMENT 

                        PC A1.4.1          General 

All Power Park Module data submitted to the Grid Owner shall be in a form approved by the Grid Owner.  Where the User has undertaken modelling of the Grid System then the Grid Owner should be advised of this and the results of the modelling including an electronic copy of the modelling data made available to the Grid Owner.  For the avoidance of doubt the User is not required under the PC to provide the modelling software to the Grid Owner, unless it so chooses. Single line diagram of the power station, block diagrams of the power park module models, the dynamic models and its transfer functions are to be submitted. 

                        PC A1.4.2          Power Park Module Data                                                                  

The following parameters are required for each Power Park Module at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC): 

a)         Registered generation capacity, Maximum generation and Minimum 

Generation capability sent out (MW)  

b)         Reactive Power capability (both leading and lagging) for maximum generation and minimum generation; 

c)          Maximum auxiliary Demand in MW and Mvar;  

d)         The power park module power station shall be modelled with details comprising of one or more than one generator unit and unit transformer, equivalent medium voltage network as a collector system and step up transformer to connect with the transmission system. Figure PPM.1 illustrates a representative Schematic diagram of a Power Park Modules and Figure PPM.2 illustrates the representative Schematic diagram of a load flow of a Power Park Module. 

e)         The dynamic model of Power Park Unit shall be modelled as three submodels listed below (Figure PPM.3 illustrates a representative schematic diagram of a dynamic model of a Power Park Module and its control arrangement): 

i) A sub-model used to represent generator and converter interface with the Grid System. It processes the real and reactive current command and output of the real and reactive current into the Grid 

System model; ii) A sub-model used to represent electrical control of the converter. It acts on the active and reactive power reference from generator and converter model above with feedback of terminal voltage and generator power output, and provides real and reactive current command to generator and converter; 

iii) A sub-model used to represent plant controller. It processes voltage and reactive power output to emulate volt/vars control at plant level. It also processes frequency and active power output to emulate frequency/ active power control. This module provides active and reactive power control to electrical control module above ; 

f)          Generator Unit transformer, step up transformer and network rated MVA, positive, negative and zero sequence reactance and tap change step size and range; 

g)         Power Park Module capability chart (Figure PPM.4 illustrates a typical Power Park Module active power response capability due to frequency and 

Fig. PPM.5 illustrates a typical Power Park Module reactive power requirement at normal operation). 

h)         Irradiance profile and model; 

i)           Protective control and protection scheme; 

j)           Guaranteed harmonic level at PCC, harmonic model and harmonic filters installed. 

k)          Low and high voltage ride through capability (Fig. PPM.6 illustrates a typical Power Park Module Low and high voltage ride through requirement) and 

l)           Reactive power requirement at normal operation of system voltage (Fig. PPM.7 illustrates a typical Reactive power requirement at normal operation condition of system voltage) 

Appendix PCA 1.4 – Diagrams 

Figure PPM.1 Schematic Diagram of a Power Park Module 

Figure PPM.2 Schematic diagram of a load flow of a Power Park Module. 

Figure PPM.3 Schematic diagram of a dynamic model of a Power Park Module and its control arrangement 

Figure PPM.4 Power Park Module Active Power Response Capability Due to Frequency  

Figure PPM.5 Power Park Module Reactive Power Requirement at Normal Operation 

Figure PPM.6 Power Park Module Low and High Voltage Ride Through Requirement 

Figure PPM.7 Reactive Power Requirement at Normal Operation Condition of System Voltage 

PART 2 

PC A2 DETAILED PLANNING DATA 

            PC A2.1     CONNECTION POINT AND USER NETWORK DATA 

                        PA A2.1.1         General 

All Users shall provide the appropriate Grid Owner with the details as specified in PCA2.1. 

                        PC A2.1.2          User Network Lay-out 

Single line diagrams of existing and proposed arrangements of Grid System connection and primary User Networks including: 

a)         Busbar layouts; 

b)         Electrical circuitry (such as lines, cables, transformers, switch gear etc); 

c)          Phasing arrangements; 

d)         Earthing arrangements; 

e)         Switching facilities and interlocking arrangements; 

f)          Operating voltages; and 

g)         Numbering and nomenclature. 

                        PC A2.1.3          Reactive Compensation Equipment 

For all independently switched reactive compensation equipment on the User’s Network at HV and above, other than power factor correction equipment associated directly with the User’s Plant and Apparatus, the following information is required: 

a)         Type of equipment (for example, fixed or variable); 

b)         Capacitive and or inductive rating or its operating range in Mvar; 

c)          Details of automatic control logic, to enable operating characteristics to be determined by the Grid Owner; and 

d)         The point of connection to the User’s Network in terms of electrical location and voltage. 

                        PC A2.1.4          Short Circuit Infeed into the Transmission Network 

Each User is required to provide the total short circuit infeeds, calculated in accordance with good industry practice, into the Transmission Network from its User’s System at the Transmission Connection Point as follows: 

a)         the maximum 3-phase short-circuit infeed including infeeds from any Generating Unitconnected to the User's System;

b)         the additional maximum 3-phase short circuit infeed from any induction motors connected to the User's Network; and 

c)          The minimum zero sequence impedance of the User’s System. 

                        PC A2.1.5          Lumped System Susceptance 

Details of equivalent lumped network susceptance of the User’s System at normal frequency at the transmission Connection Point.  This should include any shunt reactors which are an integrated part of the cable network and which are not normally in or out of service independent of the cable.  This should not include: 

a)        independent reactive compensation plant on the User’s System; or 

b)        any susceptance of the User’s System inherent in the Active and Reactive PowerDemand data given under sub-section PCA2.2. 

                        PC A2.1.6          Interconnector Impedance 

For User interconnections that operate in parallel with the Grid System equivalent circuit impedance (resistance, reactance and shunt susceptance) of the parallel User system, if the impedance is, in the reasonable opinion of the Grid Owner to be too low, then more detailed information on the equivalent or active part of the parallel User System may be requested. 

                        PC A2.1.7          Demand Transfer Capability

Where the same Demand may be supplied from alternative Grid System points of supply, the proportion of Demand normally fed from each Grid System point and the arrangements (manual and automatic) for transfer under planned or fault outage conditions shall be provided.  Where the same Demand can be supplied from different Users, then this information should be provided by all parties. 

                        PC A2.1.8          System Data 

Each User with an existing or proposed User Network connected at High Voltage shall provide the following details relating to that High Voltage Network:

a)         Circuit parameters for all circuits: 

b)         Rated Voltage (kV); 

c)          Operating voltage (kV); 

d)         Positive phase sequence reactance; 

e)         Positive phase sequence resistance; 

f)          Positive phase sequence susceptance; 

g)         Zero phase sequence reactance; 

h)         Zero phase sequence resistance; 

i)           Zero phase sequence susceptance; 

j)           Inter-bus transformers between the User’s High Voltage Network and the 

User’s main Network; 

k)          Rated MVA; 

l)           Voltage ratio; 

m)        Winding arrangements; 

n)         Positive sequence reactance (max, min and nominal tap); 

• o)         Positive sequence resistance (max, min and nominal tap); 

p)         Zero sequence reactance; 

q)         Tap changer range; 

r)          Tap change step size; 

s)          Tap changer type: on Load or off circuit; 

t)          Switchgear including circuit breakers, and disconnecters on all circuits connected to the Connection Point including those at Power Stations; 

u)         Rated voltage (kV); 

v)          Operating voltage (kV); 

w)        Rated short-circuit breaking current, 3-phase (kA); 

x)          Rated short-circuit breaking current, 1-phase (kA); 

y)          Rated load-breaking current, 3-phase (kA); 

z)          Rated load-breaking current, 1-phase (kA); aa)            Rated short-circuit making current, 3-phase (kA); and bb) Rated short-circuit making current, 1-phase (kA). 

                        PC A2.1.9          Protection Data 

The information essential to the Grid Owner relates only to protection that can trip, intertrip or close any Connection Point circuit breaker or any Grid System circuit breaker. The following information is required: 

a)         a full description, including estimated settings, for all relays and protection systems installed or to be installed on the User’s Network; 

b)         a full description of any auto-reclosing facilities installed or to be installed on the User’sNetwork, including type and time delays; 

c)          a full description, including estimated settings, for all relays and protection systems installed or to be installed on the Generating Unit, Generating Unit transformer, station transformers and their associated connections; 

d)         for Generating Units having (or intending to have) a circuit breaker on the circuit leading to the generator terminals, at the same voltage, clearance times for electrical faults within the Generating Unit zone; and 

e)         The most probable fault clearance time for electrical faults on the User’s Network. 

                        PC A2.1.10        Earthing Arrangements 

Full details of the system earthing on the User’s Network, including impedance values. 

                        PC A2.1.11        Transient Overvoltage Assessment Data 

When undertaking insulation coordination studies, the Grid Owner will need to conduct overvoltage assessments.   When requested by the appropriate Grid Owner each User is required to submit estimates of the surge impedance parameters present and forecast of its User Network with respect to the Connection Point and to give details of the calculations carried out.  The Grid Owner may further request information on physical dimensions of electrical equipment and details of the specification of Apparatus directly connected to the Connection Point and its means of protection.

            PC A2.2     DEMAND DATA 

                        PC A2.2.1          General  

All Users with demand shall provide the Grid Owner  with the Demand both current and forecast specified in this PCA2.2.  

All forecast maximum Demand levels submitted to the Grid Owner by Users shall be on the basis of average climatic conditions; and 

So that the Grid Owner is able to estimate the diversified total Demand at various times throughout the year, each User shall provide such additional forecast Demand data as the Grid Owner may reasonable request. 

                        PC A2.2.2          User’s System Demand (Active and Reactive Power) 

Forecast daily Demand profiles net of the output profile of all Generating Units directly connected to the User’s Network, but not subject to Central Dispatch, by hours throughout the day as follows: 

a)         Peak Demand day on the User’s System;

b)         day of peak Grid System Demand (Active Power); and 

c)          day of minimum Grid System Demand (Active Power). 

                        PC A2.2.3          User Consumer Demand Management Data 

The potential reduction in Demand available from the User in MW and Mvar, the notice required to put such reduction into effect, the maximum acceptable duration of the reduction in hours and the permissible number of reductions per annum. 

            PC A2.3     GENERATING UNIT AND POWER STATION DATA 

                        PC A2.3.1          General 

All Generators with Power Stations which have a site rating Capacity of 5 MW and above shall provide the Grid Owner with details as specified in this PCA2.3. 

                        PC A2.3.2          Auxiliary Demand 

The normal unit-supplied auxiliary Demand is required for each Generating Unit at rated output MW; and the Power Station auxiliary Demand, if any, additional to the Generating Unit Demand, where the Power Station auxiliary Demand is supplied from the Grid System, is required for each Power Station. 

                        PC A2.3.3          Generating Unit Parameters

The following parameters are required for each Generating Unit; 

a)         Rated terminal voltage (kV); 

b)         Rated MVA; 

c)          Rated MW; 

d)         Minimum Stable Generation (MW); 

e)         Short circuit ratio; 

f)          Direct axis synchronous reactance; 

g)         Direct axis transient reactance; 

h)         Direct axis sub-transient reactance; 

i)           Direct axis transient time constant; 

j)           Direct axis sub-transient time constant; 

k)          Quadrature axis synchronous reactance; 

l)           Quadrature axis transient reactance; 

m)        Quadrature axis sub-transient reactance; 

n)         Quadrature axis transient time constant; 

• o)         Quadrature axis sub-transient time constant; 

p)         Stator time constant; 

q)         Stator resistance; 

r)          Stator leakage reactance; 

s)          Turbo generator inertial constant (MWsec/MVA); 

t)          Rated field current; and 

u)         Field current (amps) open circuit saturation curve for voltages at the generator terminals ranged from 50% to 120% of rated value in 10% steps as derived from appropriate manufacturer’s test certificates. 

                        PC A2.3.4          Parameters for Generator Unit Transformers 

The following parameters are required for the generator unit transformer, or for the interbus transformer, where Generating Units connect to the Grid System through a transformer: 

a)         Rated MVA with natural cooling and forced cooling; 

b)         Voltage ratio; 

c)          Positive sequence reactance (at max, min & nominal tap); 

d)         Negative sequence resistance (at max, min & nominal tap); 

e)         Zero phase sequence reactance; 

f)          Tap changer range; 

g)         Tap changer step size; and 

h)         Tap changer type: on load or off circuit. 

                        PC A2.3.5          Power Station Transformer Parameters 

The following parameters are required for the Power Station interbus transformer where a Userinterbus transformer is used to connect the Power Station to the Grid System: 

a)         Rated MVA with natural cooling and forced cooling; 

b)         Voltage ratio; and 

c)          Zero sequence reactance as seen from the higher voltage side. 

                        PC A2.3.6          Excitation Control System Parameters 

a)         DC gain of excitation loop; 

b)         Rated field voltage; 

c)          Minimum field voltage; 

d)         Maximum field voltage; 

e)         Maximum rate of change of field voltage (rising); 

f)          Minimum rate of change of field voltage (falling); 

g)         Details of excitation loop described in block diagram form showing transfer functions of individual terms; 

h)         Dynamic characteristics of over-excitation limiter; and 

i)           Dynamic characteristics of under-excitation limiter. 

                        PC A2.3.7          Governor Parameters (for Reheat Steam Generating Unit) 

The following parameters are required for a reheat steam Generating Unit: 

a)         HP governor average gain MW/Hz; 

b)         Speeder motor setting rate; 

c)          HP governor valve time constant; 

d)         HP governor valve opening limits; 

e)         HP governor valve rate limits; 

f)          Reheater time constant (Active energy stored in reheater); 

g)         IP governor average gain MW/Hz; 

h)         IP governor setting range; 

i)           IP governor valve time constant; 

j)           IP governor valve opening limits; 

k)          IP governor valve rate limits; 

l)           Details of acceleration sensitive elements in HP & IP governor loop; and 

m)        A governor block diagram showing transfer functions of individual elements. 

 PC A2.3.8 Governor Parameters (for non-Reheat Steam Generating Units and Gas Turbine Generating Units) including Generating Units within CCGT Blocks. 

The following parameters are required for a heat recovery steam powered Generating Unit (without re-heat) and/or a gas turbine powered Generating Unit: 

a)         Governor average gain; 

b)         Speeder motor setting range; 

c)          Time constant of steam or fuel governor valve; 

d)         Governor valve opening limits; 

e)         Governor valve rate limits; 

f)          Time constant of turbine; and 

g)         Governor block diagram. 

                        PC A2.3.9     Governor    and   Associated    Prime     Mover Parameters     –      Hydro 

Generating Units 

a)         Guide Vane Actuator Time Constant (in seconds); 

b)         Guide Vane Opening Limits (%); 

c)          Guide Vane Opening Rate Limits (%/second); 

d)         Guide Vane Closing Rate Limits ((%/second); and 

e)         Water Time Constant (in seconds). 

                        PC A2.3.10        Plant Flexibility Performance 

The following parameters are required for Generating Unit flexibility; 

a)         Rate of Loading following weekend shutdown (Generating Unit and Power

Station); 

b)         Rate of Loading following an overnight shutdown (Generating Unit and 

Power Station); 

c)          Block Load following Synchronising; 

d)         Rate of de-Loading from normal rated MW; 

e)         Regulating range;  

f)          Load rejection capability while still Synchronised and able to supply Load; and 

g)         DCS control loop model, block diagram and parameters 

            PC A2.4            ADDITIONAL DATA 

                        PC A2.4.1          General 

Notwithstanding the Standard Planning Data and Detailed Planning Data set out in this Appendix, the Grid Owner may require additional data from Users.   This will be to represent correctly the performance of Plant and Apparatus on the Grid System where the present data submissions would, in the Grid Owner’s reasonable opinion, prove insufficient for the purpose of producing meaningful system studies for the relevant parties.    

As the Single Buyer is responsible for the overall coordination of new generation planning, then any data required by it will be requested through the relevant Grid Owner.  In addition, if the Single Buyer requires additional data then it will request such data through the applicable Grid Owner.  

< End of Planning Code including Appendix > 

CONNECTION CONDITIONS 

CC1      INTRODUCTION  

The Connection Conditions (CC) specify the minimum technical, design and certain operational criteria which must be complied with by the Users connected to, or seeking connection to a Grid System.  They also set out the procedures by which the Grid Owner, Network Owner and Distributor will seek to ensure compliance with these criteria as a requirement for the granting of approval for the connection of a User to a Grid System. 

The procedures by which the Network Owner and Users may commence discussions on a ConnectionAgreement are reflected in the Planning Code section of this Grid Code.  Each Connection Agreement shall require Users to comply with the terms of this Grid Code and the Grid Owner will not grant approval for the  Userto connect to the Grid Owner’s Network until the User has satisfied the Grid Owner that the criteria laid down by this CC have been met. 

The provisions of the CC shall apply to all connections to the Transmission Networks: 

(a)   existing connections at the date when this Grid Code comes into effect; 

(b)   existing connection at the date of commencement of the Network Owner’s approval, where these dates precede the date in (a) above; and (c) connections as established or modified thereafter. 

        CC2      OBJECTIVES 

The Connection Conditions are designed to ensure that: 

(a)        no new or modified connection will impose unacceptable effects upon a Grid System or any User Network nor will it be subject itself to unacceptable effects by its connection to the Grid System; and 

(b)       the basic rules for connection treat all Users of an equivalent category in a nondiscriminatory fashion, and enable Distributor, Network Owners and the Users to comply with their statutory and Licence obligations. 

CC3      SCOPE 

The CC applies to the GSO, Grid Owner, and Single Buyer and to Users which in this Connection Conditions means: 

(a)        Generators, including Generator with Power Park Module (other than those which only have Embedded Minor Generating Plant) 

(b)       Distributors

(c)        Network Owner

(d)       Directly Connected Large Power Consumers.

(e)        Parties seeking Connection to the Transmission or User System, whose prospective activities would place them in any of the above categories of User will, either pursuant to a Licence or as a result of an application for supply, become bound by this CC prior to their providing or receiving Ancillary Servicesand/or producing or consuming Energy. 

CC4      CONNECTION PRINCIPLES 

The design of the connection between a Transmission Network and User Network shall be physically determined with respect to the point of connection by the Distributor or Network Owner concerned and comply with the technical standards contained in the Planning Code (PC) and License Standards.  Metering Installations shall be designed to comply with the Metering Code. 

Each User seeking connection to or for modification(s) to an existing connection shall complete the appropriate connection application form provided by the Grid Owner. 

The Grid Owner for the Network affected will, after consultation with the User, determines the voltage at which the User will connect to the Network and will, in consultation with the User, decide the point of connection to the Network, termed as the Point of Common Coupling . 

            CC4.1                         EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION CONCERNING THE POINT OF COMMON 

COUPLING  

There shall be an exchange of information concerning the Point of Common Coupling in terms of operational responsibilities and safety coordination in accordance with the Grid Code.    These shall include but not be limited to the requirements of OC5, OC8 and OC11. 

                        CC4.1.1             Site Responsibility Schedule 

A schedule shall be agreed between the Grid Owner, and the User concerning division of responsibilities at the site pertaining to, amongst other things, ownership, control, safety, operation and access.  The Site Responsibility Schedule and an Operational Diagram will be agreed by the Grid Owner and User.   

These will indicate the operational boundaries and asset ownership boundaries, between the Grid Owner, the User and any other Users at the Point of Common Coupling (including a proposed Point of Common Coupling).  This shall include a geographic site plan and operational schematic indicating ownership boundaries. A copy of this will be clearly displayed at each part of the site, once mutual agreement has been reached.  Such agreement, not being unreasonably withheld by either party, shall be necessary before commissioning can commence on the site. 

            CC4.2        CONFIDENTIALITY OF CONNECTION DATA 

All Users shall identify such data that are submitted pursuant to the CC that are required to be maintained as confidential and submit these to the Grid Owner.  Such data that are classified as confidential by a Usermay be shared with the GSO, Grid Owner, Single Buyer or Commission and be marked as confidential. 

Where a potential or existing User applies to receive details of a Point of Common Coupling during its Development studies under the PC or CC and can demonstrate a genuine need to know this information, then such details shall be submitted to the User on request by the Grid Owner or Network Owner whose Network has or will have the Point of Common Coupling for which the details are requested.  Where the Grid Owner or Network Owner believes that such inquiry is not genuine but rather mischievous, it can refuse to give such information until a User, including a potential User, can demonstrate a genuine need to know the information requested.   

CC5      CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS 

            CC5.1         SUPPLY STANDARDS 

                        CC5.1.1             Frequency and Voltage 

The Frequency, voltage and power quality design criteria of the Grid System are designed to comply with the Licence Standards.  The full details of the technical design and operational criteria adopted by the Grid Owner and GSO are included in the Licence Standards which are the reference document(s) that shall be consulted for the avoidance of any doubt. 

The Grid Systems in Sabah and Labuan are nominally 50 Hz Systems. The Frequency of a Grid System shall be maintained between 50.5 Hz and 49.5 Hz unless there are exceptional circumstances.   

The voltage on the 275 and 132 kV part of the Transmission Network at each Connection Sitewith a User will normally remain within (±5) % of the nominal value unless abnormal conditions prevail. 

 This is detailed more fully in the Planning Code and Licence Standards.  

The Grid Owner, GSO and a User may agree to greater or lesser variations in voltage to those set out above in relation to a particular Connection Site, and in so far as a greater or lesser variation is agreed, the relevant figure set out above shall, in relation to that User at the particular Connection Site, be replaced by the figure agreed. 

                        CC5.1.2             Power Factor 

Each User that is a Consumer or a Directly Connected Large Power Consumer is required to ensure that its installation has satisfactory power factor correction to ensure that, as measured at the Point of Common Coupling, the power factor of its Load meets the current power factor requirements for that Network.   

Each User with a connection at HV shall install sufficient reactive power equipment and shall use reasonable endeavours to maintain its average Load power factor between unity and 0.90 lagging during Normal Operation. Failure to maintain the Load power factor within this range or such range as has been notified by the Grid Owner, shall be deemed to be a breach of this Grid Code and a breach of the Connection Agreement unless a derogation in accordance with the General Conditions has been approved.  

The GSO in the consideration of system stability, supported by system simulation studies, may impose a requirement for User to install additional reactive power equipment to maintain its power factor to unity. 

Under Abnormal System Conditions the GSO may temporarily amend the power factor operating range for Large Power Consumers to assist with voltage control. Under these conditions Large Power Consumers may be requested to operate at or very close to unity power factor.   

Once the Abnormal Condition has ended, the User should return to operating its Power Factorunder the condition of Normal Operation, as detailed above. 

                        CC5.1.3             Voltage Waveform Quality and Harmonic Content 

The maximum total level of harmonic on the existing and any future Grid System from all sources under both planned outage and forced outage conditions must not exceed: 

(a)        at 500 kV, 275kV and 132kV a total harmonic distortion of 3% and  

(b)       the  individual harmonic  shall be compliant with limits as specified in the Licence Standards 

(c)        Phase Unbalance- Under planned outage condition, the maximum negative phase sequence component of the phase voltage on the Grid System should remain below 1% unless abnormal condition prevail. 

It may be necessary for Grid Owner and GSO to evaluate the production/magnification of harmonic distortion on the Transmission Network and User system, especially when Grid Owner or User is connecting equipment such as capacitor banks, traction equipment and arc furnace; and DC converter in a Power Park Unit. At the Grid Owner and GSO’s request, each User and Power Park Module Generator is required to submit data and/or results of studies and measurements with respect to the Connection Site prior to connection and post connection.  

For load unbalance at the terminals of a User’s installation or specific Load, the unbalance voltage shall not exceed 1% for five (5) occasions within any thirty (30) minutes time period. 

Voltage fluctuations at a Point of Common Coupling with a fluctuating Load directly connected to the Grid System shall not exceed 1% of the voltage level for step changes, which may occur repetitively. Any large voltage excursions other than step changes or less frequent step changes may be allowed up to a level of 3% provided that this does not constitute a risk to the Grid System or, in Grid Owner and GSO’s view, to any other party connected to the Grid System. 

The planning limits for the short and long term flicker severity applicable for fluctuating loads connected to the Grid System are as set out in the table below. 

Table 5.1.3- Maximum Allowable Flicker Severity 

Other voltage performance requirement such as load unbalance for traction load, maximum allowable flicker severity due to voltage fluctuation are stipulated in License standards and are to be complied with by Users’ at the Point of Common Coupling .  

It may be necessary for Grid Owner and GSO to evaluate the fluctuation of voltage and unbalance voltage on the Transmission Network and User Network, especially when Grid Owner or User is connecting equipment such as arc furnace and traction equipment. At the Grid Owner and GSO’srequest, each User is required to submit data and/or results of evaluation studies and measurement with respect to the Connection Site, prior to connection and post connection. 

                        CC5.1.4             Technical Criteria for Plant and Apparatus 

At the Point of Common Coupling all User’s Plant and Apparatus shall meet acceptable technical design and operational criteria as specified in License Standards. Detailed information relating to a particular connection will be made available by the Grid Owner on request by the User.  Such information will include, but not be limited to, the following: 

(a)        load flow studies; 

(b)       short circuit studies; 

(c)        System stability analysis; 

(d)       annual/monthly load curves; 

(e)        line forced outage rates, for the Network associated with the proposed Point of Common Coupling ; and 

(f)         tele-communication network associated with the proposed Point of Common Coupling . 

Grid Owner shall maintain a list of those Technical Specifications and additional requirements which might be applicable under this connection code and which may be referenced by the Single Buyer in consultation with the GSO in the relevant Agreement. Grid Owner shall provide a copy of the list upon request to any User. Grid Owner shall also provide a copy of the list to any new Userupon receipt of an application form for an Agreement for a new Connection Point.  

Plant and Apparatus proposed for connection to the Grid System is required to meet certain minimum technical standards.  Additionally, new Plant and Apparatus to be connected to the Grid System must conform to relevant technical standards as detailed below, in the following order of preference: 

(a)        relevant Malaysian national standards (MS); 

(b)       relevant international and pan-Europe technical standards, such as IEC, ISO and EN; 

(c)        other relevant national standards such as BSS, DIN and ASA. 

The User shall ensure that the specification of Plant and Apparatus at the Point of Common Coupling shall be such to permit operation within the Licence Standards and applicable safety procedures agreed between the User and Grid Owner. 

CC5.2   TECHNICAL       REQUIREMENTS            FOR      PARALLEL         OPERATION      OF        CONSUMER’S GENERATING UNITS 

                        CC5.2.1             General 

The technical requirements for parallel operation of Consumer’s Generating Units not subject to Dispatch by the GSO shall be as follows: 

(a)        Each Generating Unit must be capable of continuously supplying its output within the System frequency range given in the Planning Code and License Standards. 

(b)       The output voltage limits of Generating Units must not cause excessive voltage excursions in excess of ± 5% of nominal.  Voltage regulating equipment shall be installed by the User to maintain the output voltage level of its Generating Units within limits. 

(c)        The speed governor of each Generating Unit must be capable of operating in accordance to the Licence Standards and to be approved by the GSO or Distributor, such approval not to be unreasonably withheld. 

(d)       The isolation and earthing requirements shall be in accordance with the Grid Owner’scurrent guideline documents or in the absence of such documents the Tenaga Nasional Berhad guidelines.  

                        CC5.2.2             Synchronous Generators 

Consumers utilising synchronous Generators shall be required to generate Reactive Power so that they do not impose any additional Reactive Power requirements upon the Grid System.  Sufficient generator Reactive Power capability shall be provided to withstand normal voltage changes on the Grid System.  The Consumer shall not be permitted to deliver excess Reactive Power to the Grid System unless otherwise agreed with the GSO to control the voltage at the Point of Common Coupling and/or as contracted through an Ancillary Services agreement. 

                        CC5.2.3             Induction Generators 

If the Consumer utilises induction type Generators, the Consumer shall provide the necessary power factor correction such that it shall operate within the power factor limits of unity and 0.95 lagging.  The Grid Owner and GSO shall have the right to review the Consumer’s power factor correction plan and to require modifications or additions as needed if in its reasonable opinion, it is required to maintain the Grid System’s voltage within the limits specified in the Planning Code. 

            CC5.3        REQUIREMENT RELATING TO GENERATOR UNITS 

                        CC5.3.1             Introduction  

This section sets out the technical and design criteria and performance requirements for Generating Units (whether directly connected to the Grid System or Embedded) which each Generator must ensure are complied with in relation to its Generating Units, but does not apply to any plant group with a total registered capacity of less than 30MW for synchronous units and less than 5MW for Power Park Module, hydro units and renewable energy plant not designed for Frequency and voltage control.  References to Generating Units in this CC6.4 on the connection Agreementcondition should be read accordingly. In such cases the Grid Owner and GSO shall provide appropriate provisions for inclusion in the relevant Agreement.

                        CC5.3.2             Plant Performance Requirements 

All Generating Units must be capable of supplying rated power output (MW) at any point between the limits 0.85 power factor lagging and 0.95 power factor leading at the Generating Unit terminals.  

Power Park Modules must be capable of generating Reactive Power at the Point of Common Coupling in accordance with the Performance Chart of MW and MVAr capability limits shown in the figure PPM.5 titled “Reactive Power Requirement at Normal Operation” in PCA for all Active Power output levels under steady state voltage conditions. In the figure, 100% Active Power output is deemed as the Rated MW at the Connection Point. Power Park Module must be capable of supplying rated power output at any point between the limits 0.85 power factor lagging and 0.95 leading at the point of common coupling.  

Specifically, it must not export reactive power during trough hours and import reactive power during peak hours from the Grid unless agreement with GSO is obtained.  

All Generating Units must also be capable of operating at any point within the capability chart corrected for the site conditions. The short circuit ratio of Generating Units shall be not less than 0.5. 

The Generating Unit and/or CCGT Module must be capable of continuously maintain 

Active Power output for System Frequency changes within the range 50.5 to 49.5 Hz;  

The Active Power output under steady state conditions of any Generating Unit directly connected to the Grid System should not be affected by voltage changes in the normal operating range specified in paragraph PC4.5.3.  The Reactive Power output under steady state conditions should be fully available within the voltage range of ± 10% at 500kV, 275kV and 132kV and lower voltages.  

For Power Park Module, the reactive power requirement under normal steady state voltage conditions as shown in Figure PPM.7 should be fully available. 

Power Park Module must response to active power and reactive power dispatch instruction given by GSO either by telephone or electronic signal to operate at maximum generation output or at lower generation output within capability curve. 

                              CC5.3.3             Black Start Capability  

It is an essential requirement that the Grid System must incorporate a number of strategically located Black Start Capable Power Station(s) (BSCPS). In this respect, Black Start capability relates to any one Generating Unit in a BSCPS having the capability to start without any other back feed supply whatsoever being available from the Grid System and/or Distribution System or from User System and subsequently the ability to start other Generating Units in the Power Station. The GSO shall identify Black Start Capable Power Station in consultation with the Single Buyer and identified Generators. The identification of Black Start Capable Power Station requirement shall be determined before signing of PPA. Single Buyer shall clearly spell out the requirement of performing Black Start function if the plant is designated as Black Start Capable Power Station.

                        CC5.3.4 Control Arrangements  

The Generating Unit must comply with the following control capabilities:  

(i)         Each Generating Unit must be capable of contributing to Frequency and Voltage control by continuous modulation of Active Power and Reactive Power supplied to the Grid System or the User System in which it is embedded. 

(ii)        Each Generating Unit must be fitted with a fast acting proportional turbine speed governor and unit load controller or equivalent control device to provide Frequency response under normal operational conditions in accordance with Scheduling and Dispatch Code 3(SDC3).  The governor must be designed and operated to the appropriate Technical 

Specifications acceptable to the Grid Owner and GSO including: 

a)         relevant Malaysian Specification; 

b)         relevant International Specification; and 

c)          any other specification in common use acceptable to the Grid  Owner and GSO; at the time when the installation was designed or when the modification or alteration was designed. 

(iii)       The specification or other standard utilised in accordance with sub- paragraph (a) or (b) will be notified to the Grid Owner, Single Buyer and GSO as part of the application for a Connection or as soon as possible prior to any modification or alteration to the governor.  

(iv)       The speed governor in co-ordination with other control devices must control the Generating Unit Active Power output with stability over the entire operating range of the Generating Unit. 

(v)        The speed governor must meet the following minimum requirements: 

a)         where a Generating Unit becomes isolated from the rest of the Grid System but is still supplying Customers, the speed governor must also be able to control System Frequency to below 52Hz unless this may cause the Generating Unit to operate below its Designed Minimum Operating Level. In which case it is possible that it may trip after a time interval.  

b)         the speed governor for the Steam Units and CCGT Modules must be capable of being set so that it operates with an overall speed 

droop of between 3% and 5%. Lower droop setting capability may be specified for Hydro Units by the Grid Owner and GSO.  

c)          in the case of all Generating Units other than the Steam Unit within a CCGT Module the speed governor deadband should be adjustable as agreed with the GSO but with a minimum value no greater than ±0.05Hz. In the case of the Steam Unit within a CCGT Module, the speed governor deadband should be set to an appropriate value consistent with the requirements of SDC3.4 for the provision of Primary Response and High Frequency Response. 

(vi)       A facility to modify the Target Frequency setting either continuously or in a maximum of 0.05 Hz steps over at least the range 50 ± 0.1 Hz should be provided in the unit load controller or equivalent device so as to fulfil the requirements of the Scheduling and Dispatch Codes.  

(vii)     Each Generating Unit and/or CCGT Module must be capable of meeting the minimum frequency response requirement profile subject to and in accordance with the provisions of Appendix A, PCA2.3. 

(viii)    A continuously-acting, static type, fast response automatic excitation control system, with Power System Stabiliser (PSS), is required to provide constant terminal voltage control of the Generating Unit without instability over the entire operating range of the Generating Unit.  There is a requirement on the Generator to allow the Grid Owner and GSO to witness commissioning tests. 

(ix)       The automatic excitation control system shall remain in service at all times and shall not be removed or disabled from service without prior consent of the GSO. 

(x)        In particular, other control facilities, including constant Reactive Power output control modes and constant power factor control modes (but excluding VAR limiters) are not required.  However, if present in the excitation system they will be disabled unless otherwise agreed by written permission of the GSO. Operation of such control facilities will be in accordance with the provisions contained in SDC2. For the avoidance of doubt the Generating Unit shall not be operated under constant Reactive Power or constant power factor or any other specific control mode whatsoever without specific consent of the GSO at any time.  

(xi)       The excitation system shall also be equipped with a Power System Stabilizer (PSS) which must be capable of damping of power system oscillations over the frequency range of 0.1 to 5.0 Hz. The PSS shall be optimally tuned to damp out local and inter area oscillation modes with a Damping Ratio of not less than 5% while maintaining sufficient stability margins of the excitation control system. The Generator shall seek written advice from the Grid Ownerand GSO, on the values of the inter-area oscillation frequencies for which the PSS shall be tuned at the Preliminary Project Data stage as defined in the Planning Code. 

(xii)     The Generator shall before commercial operation of each Generating Unit, prove conclusively to the Grid Owner and GSO that the PSS for the Generating Unit is optimally tuned to damp out the local and inter area oscillation modes, both analytically and by on site verification tests, including actual line switching test. The Generator shall submit the PSStuning study report to the Grid Owner and GSO at least three (3) months before commissioning of the Generating Unit.   

(xiii)    The control arrangements provided for Frequency and Voltage control shall continue to operate stably during disturbances experienced by the Grid System without inadvertently tripping the turbine and/or prime mower or the Generator and disconnecting it from the Grid System. 

                        CC5.3.5 Automatic Generation Control (AGC) and Load Following Capability  

GSO shall use the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) control facilities at the LDC to match the Active Power outputs of the Generating Units under its control with the minute by minute change in System load. Unless otherwise specified by the GSO, all Generating Units shall be equipped with appropriate plant controllers to participate in this AGC function. The AGC command shall be sent via the transmittal of a "desired generation output level” signal from the LDC and the plant controller will adjust the Generating Units output accordingly.

 Each Power Station shall be designed to enable each Generating Unit to be capable of operation over the whole range between the Minimum Load and the Registered Capacity of the Generating Unit. Load Following Capability includes the following control actions by the Generating Unit: 

a)         following a pre-set Generation Schedule; 

b)         executing a Dispatch Instruction; 

c)          performing AGC duties for the purpose of Load Following in the Grid System within a range of output (minimum and maximum values) agreed by the GSO, the Generator and the Single Buyer. The details on the facilities to affect this control capability shall be in accordance to the requirement stipulated in the relevant Agreement.

The use of AGC shall not cause any restriction whatsoever on the operation of governors or equivalent control devices on the Generating Units and vice versa. 

Power Park Module must be capable of reducing its active power output for system frequency increase above 50.5Hz in accordance with its governor droop setting. The governor droop must be capable of being set between 3% and 5%. The active power output must be capable of continuous output of not less than 95% of its MCR for frequency between 47.5 to 50.5Hz. 

Power Park Module must be capable of responding to change in voltage with reference to its voltage set-point or other control set-points within its reactive power capability range. The frequency and excitation control must be continuously in service and shall not be switched off without permission from GSO. 

                        CC5.3.6 Dispatch Inaccuracies  

The standard deviation of Load error at steady state Load over a thirty (30) minute period must not exceed (2.5)% of a CDGU’s or CD CCGT Module's capacity in accordance with its Availability Declaration. Where a Centrally Dispatched Generating Unit or a CCGT Unit within a CD CCGT Module is instructed to Frequency sensitive operation, allowance will be made in determining whether there has been a dispatch error according to the governor droop characteristic registered under PCA. 

CC5.3.7 Negative Phase Sequence Loadings 

In addition to meeting the conditions specified in PC4.5, each Generating Unit will be required to withstand, without tripping, the negative phase sequence loading incurred by clearance of a close-up single phase to earth or phase-to-phase fault, by System Back-Up Protection on the Grid System  or User System in which it is Embedded. This is to allow for successful single phase or 3 phase autoreclosed operation of the nearby transmission lines under transient fault conditions. The single phase autoreclosed time is normally set to 750milli-seconds while three phase autoreclose time is set to 3 seconds. 

. 

                        CC5.3.8             Neutral Earthing  

The Grid System at nominal System voltages of 132kV and above is designed to be earthed with anEarth Fault Factor of below 1.4. Under fault conditions the rated Frequency component of voltage could fall transiently to zero on one or more phases or rise to 140% phase-to-earth voltage.  The voltage rise would last only for the time that the fault conditions exist.  The fault conditions referred to here are those existing when the type of fault is single or two phase-to-earth.   

At nominal System voltages of 132kV and above the higher voltage windings of a transformer of a Generating Unit must be star connected with the star point suitable for connection to earth.  The Earthing and lower voltage winding arrangement shall be such as to ensure that the Earth Fault Factor requirement will be met on the Grid System at nominal System voltages of 132kV and above. 

For connections to the Grid System at nominal system voltages of below 132kV, the Earthingrequirements and voltage rise conditions will be advised by the Grid Owner and GSO as soon as practicable prior to connection. 

                        CC5.3.9             Frequency Sensitive Relays  

As stated in PC4.5.2, the System Frequency could rise to 52Hz or fall to 47Hz. Each Generating Unit must continue to operate within this Frequency range for at least the periods of time given in the PC. 

Each Generating Unit in a Power Station shall be equipped with appropriate under frequency relays. The relays shall be set to trip the high voltage circuit breakers when the Frequency of the Grid System reaches 47.0 Hz or when the frequency sustains at 47.5Hz or lower for at least ten (10) seconds. The Generating Unit shall successfully go to House Load Operation as a result of such tripping. The relay shall be located within the Power Station. The relaying scheme shall comply with the Grid Owner’s System Protection and Control Code of Practice. 

Generators will be responsible for protecting all their Generating Units against damage should Frequency excursions outside the range 52Hz to 47.5Hz ever occur. Should such excursions occur, it is up to the Generator to decide whether to disconnect his Apparatus for reasons of safety of Apparatus, Plant and/or personnel.  

It may be agreed in the relevant Agreement that a Generating Unit shall have a FastStart Capability.  Such Generating Units may be used for Operating Reserve and their Start-Up may be initiated by Frequency-level relays with settings in the range 49Hz to 50Hz as specified pursuant to OC4. 

                        CC5.3.10           House Load Operation 

In the event an abrupt de-energisation of the Interconnection Point, system disturbance or when there is complete Isolation between the Power Station and the Grid System (including disconnection of grid supply from the plant auxiliary systems), each Generating Unit shall be capable of performing House Load Operation up to a maximum of two (2) hours. Within such time, each Generating Unit shall be ready to be re-synchronised to the Grid System and able to increase output in the usual manner. House Load Operation capability shall be completely independent from the availability of supply from the Grid System. 

                        CC5.3.11           Unit Start for Active Power Reserve  

The GSO shall specify the requirements for Generating Unit cold, warm and hot start for the provision of Active Power Reserve in consultation with the Generator for suitable incorporation in the relevant agreements by the Single Buyer.  

The Facility shall be capable of the following starting regimes:  

a)         Cold start; 

b)         Warm start; and 

c)          Hot start. 

                        CC5.3.12           Dispatch Ramp Rate  

The GSO shall specify the requirements for Generating Unit Dispatch Ramp Rate in consultation with the Generator for suitable incorporation in the relevant agreements by the Single Buyer at the time of a connection application. 

                        CC5.3.13           Primary and Stand-by Fuel Stock  

The GSO shall specify the requirements for the Power Station Primary, Alternate and/or Stand-by Fuel Stock in consultation with the Generator for suitable incorporation in the relevant agreements by the Single Buyer. This is to ensure that fuel stock obligations placed on the Electricity Industry are met. The requirements shall be defined in terms of the storage capacity and the stock level that should be maintained and included in the relevant Agreement. 

                        CC5.3.14           On-Line Fuel Changeover 

The GSO shall specify the requirements for On-Line Fuel Changeover at the Power Station and individual Generating Units within a Power Station in consultation with the Generator and the Single Buyer for suitable incorporation in the relevant agreements at the time of a connection application to ensure the fuel changeover performance requirements are adequately met. These shall be included in the relevant Agreement.  

A Power Station for which the Nominated Fuel is natural gas shall be capable of performing On-line Fuel Changeover when the gas pressure drops within the safe operating limits and must be able to do a staggered On-line Fuel Changeover from natural gas to the Stand-by Fuel and the changeover shall be automatic. Changeover from Stand-by Fuel back to the Nominated Fuel shall also be online and the changeover is manual 

                        CC5.3.15           Loss of AC Power Supply 

Each Generating Unit in a Power Station shall not trip if the AC power supply to the auxiliary systems is lost for up to 600 milliseconds. 

                        CC5.3.16           Generator and Power Station Monitoring Equipment 

The Grid Owner and GSO shall install specific monitoring equipment at the substation and or within the Power Station where the Power Station is located. The specification and the specific plant parameters of this equipment enabling the Grid Owner and GSO to monitor the dynamic behaviour of the plant during normal and disturbed system operation shall be provided in the relevant Agreement and the installation shall be in accordance with the Grid Owner’s System Protection and Control Code of Practice. The monitoring equipment installed shall be capable of recording both slow and fast events with the appropriate resolution levels to enable meaningful and appropriate post event analysis to be carried out.  

The GSO shall make the recordings from such equipment available to any joint investigation of system incidents and investigations of incidents where unexpected Generator behaviour has been observed. 

                        CC5.3.17           Special Provisions for Hydro and Induction Generators 

Hydro generation may be required to provide synchronous condenser mode of operation by the GSOas included in the relevant Agreement.   

If the Generating Plant includes induction type generator(s), the Generator shall provide power factor correction means so that the Generating Plant will neither normally demand reactive power from, nor supply reactive power to, the Grid System. The power factor correction equipment may be installed by the Generator at his Plant as required by the Grid Owner and GSO.  The Grid Ownerand GSO shall have the right to review the Generator's power factor correction plant and to require modifications to or additions as needed, in the Grid Owner and GSO’s opinion, to maintain the Grid System integrity.   

                        CC5.3.18           Special Provisions for Power Park Module 

Power Park Module shall ensure that its THD level at the PCC is less than 3%. Individual harmonics performance and other power quality requirement shall be in accordance with the License Standards adopted by GSO, Grid Owner and Single Buyer.  

Each Power Park Module shall have low voltage ride through withstand capability during low voltage condition for a duration above 150ms. It shall not trip under the above condition. The power output of the unit shall recovered to above 90% of its original output in 1.5 second after fault has been cleared. GSO and Grid Owner may specify a requirement for Power Park Module to have a low voltage ride through capability of duration up to 400ms, which represents the probable back up protection time. If considered as necessary, GSO, Grid Owner and Single Buyer may specify a stringent requirement and Power Park Module must comply with the specification. 

Each Power Park Module shall have high voltage ride through withstand capability during high voltage of 1.2 pu for a duration up to 1s.  

The low voltage and high voltage ride through characteristics must comply with the minimum requirement as shown in Figure PPM.6 in PCA1.4 Appendix or as specified in the connection agreement.  

                        CC5.3.19           Requirements to conduct test  

Generators shall be responsible for carrying out tests to prove compliance on the requirements stated in this CC.  

All tests shall meet at least the requirements stated in OC10. 

CC5.4  GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DISTRIBUTORS, NETWORK OWNERS AND DIRECTLY CONNECTED CUSTOMERS 

                        CC5.4.1             Introduction  

This part of the Grid Code describes the technical and design criteria and performance requirements for Distributors, Directly Connected Customers, and Network Owner

                        CC5.4.2             Neutral Earthing  

At nominal System voltages of 132kV and above the higher voltage windings of three phase transformers and transformer banks connected to the Grid System must be star connected with the star point suitable for connection to earth.  The Earthing and lower voltage winding arrangement shall be such as to ensure that the Earth Fault Factor requirement of paragraph CC5.3.8 will be met on the Grid System at nominal System voltages of 132kV and above.  

For connections to the Grid System at nominal system voltages of below 132kV, the Earthing requirements and voltage rise conditions will be advised by the Grid Owner as soon as practicable prior to connection. 

                        CC5.4.3             Frequency    Sensitive,    Voltage    sensitive    Relays    and    System 

Protection Scheme 

As explained under OC4, each Distributor, Directly Connected Customer, Grid Owner and Network Owners, shall make arrangements that will facilitate automatic low Frequency disconnection of Demand (based on Annual Peak Demand Conditions). The relevant Agreement will specify the manner in which Demand subject to low Frequency disconnection will be split into discrete MW blocks with associated Low Frequency Relay settings. The Grid Owner in consultation with the GSO shall specify the detailed characteristics of the Low Frequency Relays to be utilised for implementing the automatic low Frequency disconnection of Demand in accordance with the Grid System Requirement. 

Similar to the application of frequency sensitive relays, each Distributor, Directly Connected Customer and Network Owner shall make arrangement that will facilitate automatic low voltage disconnection of demand due to abnormal low voltage conditions. The quantum and settings of relay will be specified by GSO.  

Each Distributor, Directly connected Customers and Network Owner shall make arrangement to facilitate automatic disconnection of demand triggered by command signal issued by system special protection scheme due to Abnormal System Conditions. The quantum of demand, location of demand, interfacing equipment and communication for disconnection shall be specified by GSO. The design of such system protection scheme shall be based on simulation studies. 

            CC5.5        TECHNICAL CRITERIA FOR COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT 

The technical criteria concerning voice and data communication equipment for Power

Stations is contained in the Grid Owner’s guidelines document, which is available on request.  

            CC5.6        PROTECTION CRITERIA 

In order that the GSO or Grid Owner and the appropriate Network Owner can coordinate the operation of the Grid System protection, it will be necessary for prospective Users to submit their protection scheme proposals to the Grid Owner. 

Users should request existing protection details from the relevant Grid Owner or Network Owner, concerning the proposed Point of Common Coupling.  The scheme proposed by the User should take account of any planned upgrades to the Network protection as notified by the Network Owner.  Such schemes could also include Interconnectors with external parties, which the Network Owner will advise of.   

Fault clearance times at the Point of Common Coupling and the method of system earthing including, where relevant, the recommended generator neutral earthing configuration, will also be provided by the Grid Owner on request.   

Users will be expected to coordinate their protection times according to the clearance times given in PC4.5.5 and License Standards. 

CC6      PROCEDURES FOR APPLICATIONS FOR CONNECTION TO AND USE OF THE GRID SYSTEM 

            CC6.1        APPLICATION AND OFFER FOR CONNECTION 

                                    CC6.1.1             Application Procedure for New Connection and Use of the Grid System 

Any person or User seeking to establish new or modified arrangements for connection and or use of the Grid System must make an application on the standard application form available from the Grid Owner of the Network concerned and Single Buyer on request.  The application should include: 

(a)        a description of the User Network to be connected to the Grid System or of the modifications to User Network already connected to the Grid System.  Both cases are termed “Development” in this CC; 

(b)       the relevant Standard Planning Data as listed in Part 1 of Appendix A of the Planning Code; and  

(c)        the desired completion date of the proposed Development. 

                        CC6.1.2             Offer of Terms of Connection 

The Single Buyer will, in accordance with the Grid Code and having obtained the consent of the Grid Owner and GSO, where such an offer involves a Generator, offer terms upon which it is prepared to enter into an agreement with the applicant for the establishment of the proposed new or modified connection to and/or use of the Grid System.  

The offer shall specify, and the terms shall take account of, any works required for the extension or reinforcement of the Grid System necessitated by the applicant’s proposed activities. 

The offer must be accepted by the applicant User within the period stated in the offer, otherwise the offer automatically lapses. 

Acceptance of the offer renders the Network Owner’s works related to that User Development committed and binds both parties to the terms of the offer.  

Within 28 calendar days (or such longer period as the Grid Owner may agree in any particular case) of acceptance of the offer, the User shall supply the Detailed Planning Data pertaining to the Development as listed in Part 2 of Appendix A of the Planning Code.  Any significant changes to this information, compared with the preliminary data agreed by the Grid Owner will need to be agreed by the appropriate Network Owner.  The Grid Owner will be responsible under these circumstances for accepting the Users results and will notify the Single Buyer and GSO of any changes in the Usersdata where appropriate. 

            CC6.2         COMPLEX TRANSMISSION NETWORK CONNECTIONS 

The magnitude and complexity of any Transmission Network extension or reinforcement will vary according to the nature, location and timing of the applicants proposed Development.  In the event, it may be necessary for the Grid Owner to carry out additional more extensive system studies. 

In such circumstances, the Grid Owner shall, within the original time scale, provide a preliminary offer indicating those areas that require more detailed analysis.  

The User shall indicate whether it wishes the Grid Owner to undertake the work necessary and to proceed to make a revised offer within the [3-month] period normally allowed.  The Grid Owner shall apply for an extension from the Energy Commission if it is not able to make the revised offer within the normal time scale. 

The Grid Owner may require the User to provide some or all the Detailed Planning Data listed in Part 2 of Appendix A of the Planning Code at this stage (in advance of the normal time scale specified).  

            CC6.3        RIGHT TO REJECT AN APPLICATION 

The Grid Owner shall be entitled to reject an application for connection and or use of the Grid System: 

(a)   if to do so would be likely to involve the Grid Owner, GSO or the Single Buyer in a breach of its duties under the Grid Code or Act or of any regulations relating to safety or standards applicable to the Grid System; or 

(b)   if the person making the application does not undertake to be bound, in so far as applicable, by the terms of the Grid Code. 

            CC6.4         CONNECTION AND USE OF SYSTEM AGREEMENT 

A Connection Agreement and or Use of System Agreement (or the offer for a Connection Agreementand or Use of System Agreement) will include as appropriate, within its terms and conditions: 

(a)        a condition requiring both parties to comply with the Grid Code and License Standards; 

(b)       details of connection and or Use of System Agreement charges; 

(c)        details of any capital related payments arising from the necessary reinforcement or extension of the Grid System; 

(d)       a “Site Responsibility Schedule”, detailing the divisions of responsibility at the Point of Common Coupling  in relation to ownership, control, operation, and maintenance of Plant and Apparatusand to the safety of staff and members of the public; and  

(e)        a condition requiring the User to supply Detailed Planning Data (to the extent not already supplied) within twenty eight (28) calendar days of the acceptance of the offer (or such longer period as may be agreed in a particular case). 

CC7      APPROVAL TO CONNECT 

            CC 7.1        READINESS TO CONNECT 

A User whose Development is under construction in accordance with the relevant 

Connection Agreement who wishes to establish a connection with the Transmission Network or a Distribution Network, shall apply to the relevant Grid Owner and GSO in writing giving the following details: 

(a)        confirmation that the User’s Plant and Apparatus at the Point of Common Coupling will meet the required technical standards, as agreed with the Grid Owner and GSO where appropriate; 

(b)       a proposed connection date; 

(c)        updated Planning Code data, as appropriate; and 

(d)       a proposed commissioning schedule, including commissioning tests, for the final approval of the Grid Owner and GSO. 

            CC7.2        CONFIRMATION OF APPROVAL TO CONNECT

Within thirty (30) calendar days] of notification by a User, in accordance with 0ffer; 

(a)        the Single Buyer, in consultation with the Grid Owner will inform the User whether the requirements of Use of System Agreement and the Connection Agreement have been satisfied; and  

(b)       in consultation with the GSO and the Grid Owner, the Single Buyer  will inform the User of the acceptability of the proposed commissioning programme. 

Where approval is withheld, reasons shall be stated by the Single Buyer, Grid Owner and or the GSO.

< End of Connection Conditions > 

OPERATING CODE NO. 1 

OC1      DEMAND FORECASTING 

            OC1.1        INTRODUCTION 

Accurate Demand forecasting is essential for the procurement of sufficient Generation to cater for the Demand for electricity. Operating Code No. 1 (OC1) outlines the obligations on the Single Buyer, GSO and Users regarding the preparation of Demand forecasts of Active Power, Reactive Power and Active Energy of the Grid System for operational purpose.  OC1 sets out the time scales within Operation Planning and Operation Control periods in which Users shall provide forecasts of Demand and Energy to the Single Buyer so that the relevant operational plans can be prepared. 

The following distinct phases are used to define the Demand forecasting periods: 

(1)        Operational Planning Phase covers several time frames of operation from 5-year ahead to the start of the Control Operational Phase as follows:  

i)    5-Year ahead forecast monthly ii)          1-year ahead forecast  - hourly iii)          1-Month ahead forecast – hourly iv)10-Day ahead forecast – half hourly 

                              v)      1-Day ahead forecast – half hourly 

Single Buyer is responsible for all the above mentioned Demand Forecasts and the GSO needs to use these Demand Forecasts to perform system studies to check for system security.   

(2)        Operational Control Phase covers the real time operation period, that is: 

                              i)       Hour ahead forecast – half hourly 

GSO is responsible for the demand forecast during Operational Control Phase. 

(3)        Post Operational Control Phase is the phase following real time operation. 

In OC1, Week 0 means the current week at any time, Week 1 means the next week at any time, Week 2 means the week after Week 1.  For operational purposes, each year shall start on 1st January and shall use the Gregorian calendar.   

            OC1.2        OBJECTIVES 

The objectives of OC1 are: 

(a)            to enable matching of Generation and Demand in operation; 

(b)            to ensure the provision of data to the Single Buyer by Users for Operational Planning purposes; and 

(c)             to provide for the factors to be taken into account by the GSO when Demand forecasting is conducted during Operational Control Phase operation. 

            OC1.3        SCOPE 

OC1 applies to the GSO, the Single Buyer and the following Users: 

(a)        Generators with CDGU’s, including Generators with Power Park Module;  

(b)       Generators connected directly to the Grid System or indirectly via Distribution Network, with Generating Units not subject to Dispatch by the GSO, with total onsite generation capacity equal to or above 1 MW where the GSO considers it necessary; 

(c)        Large Power Consumers, where the GSO considers it necessary;  

(d)       Interconnected Parties;  

(e)        Distributors and 

(f)         Network Owners where the GSO considers it necessary. 

            OC1.4        PROCEDURE IN THE OPERATIONAL PLANNING PHASE 

                        OC1.4.1            Information Flow and Coordination 

Users shall provide the necessary information required in OC1.4.2 to the Single Buyer at the time and in the manner agreed between the relevant parties to enable the Single Buyer to carry out the necessary Demand forecasting for the Operational Planning Phase. 

In OC1.4.2, the Single Buyer requires information regarding any incremental Demand changes anticipated by the Users excluding forecast Demand growth.  For example, this would include any significant incremental Demand change due to additional equipment added, removed or modified by the User. 

In preparing the Demand forecast, the Single Buyer shall take into account the information provided for under OC1.4.2, the factors detailed in OC1.5 and also any forecast or actual Demand growth data provided under the Planning Code. 

The Single Buyer shall collate all data necessary and prepare the Demand forecast for this Operational Planning Phase for Year 1 by the end of August of Year 0.   

                        OC1.4.2            Information Providers 

(i)         Distributor  

The Distributor shall submit to the Single Buyer by the end of July each year electronic files, in a format agreed in writing by the Single Buyer, detailing the following: 

(a)        Based on the most recent historical Demand data, the Distributor shall inform the Single Buyer of any anticipated changes in Demand equal to or greater than ± 1 MW during Year 1 at the various interfaces between the Transmission Network and Distribution Network due to planned changes in Consumer Demand or planned changes by the Distributor.  

(b)       Where the Single Buyer reasonably requires additional information or assistance, the Distributor will provide such information or assistance requested in a reasonable timeframe. 

(c)        The Distributor shall notify the Single Buyer immediately of any significant changes to the data submitted above. 

(ii)        Other Users 

The relevant Users identified in OC1.3 (b) and (c) shall submit to the Distributor by the end of June each year electronic files, in a format agreed in writing by the Distributor, detailing the following: 

(a)        For Large Power Consumers, they have to inform the Distributor of any planned changes that will alter the Demand by an amount equal to or greater than ± 1 MW during Year 1 at the respective interfaces. 

(b)       Generators with non-CDGUs (including Self-Generators) having total on-site generation capacity equal to or greater than 5 MW may be required to provide the Single Buyer, through the Distributor or Network Owner, relevant generation output information when reasonably required by the Single Buyer.

Such requirement to provide information pursuant to OC1.4.2 does not remove the obligation for a User to notify the Single Buyer of any changes in Demand data in accordance with the respective Connection Agreement. 

(iii)      Interconnected Party 

It is the responsibility of the Single Buyer to request in the manner and format that have been specified in the relevant Agreement with each Interconnected Party of the hourly Active Power Demand to be imported from or exported to the Interconnected Party over the total time period agreed in the relevant Agreement. 

            OC1.5        DEMAND FORECASTS 

The following factors shall be taken into account by the Single Buyer when conducting Demandforecasting: 

(a)        Historic generation output information pursuant to OC1.7 and SDC1 – the Active Power Demandand Active Energy forecasts in the Operational Planning Phase will be prepared by the Single Buyer based on the summation of net half-hourly Power Station outputs.  

(b)       Historic Grid System Generation profiles compiled by the GSO through SCADA, metered data, Energy sales data from the Distributors and information obtained pursuant to the Post Control Phase, OC1.70; 

(c)        Local factors known to the Single Buyer in advance which may affect the Demand on the Grid System, for example, Public holidays; 

(d)       Anticipated Loading profiles of the CDGUs pursuant to SDC1; 

(e)        Any load shedding during the period will be added back into the Forecast Data using SCADA and metered data to indicate the Demand and Energy just before the load shedding; and 

(f)         Any Interconnector export or import.  

            OC1.6        PROCEDURE IN THE POST CONTROL PHASE

The GSO shall provide the Single Buyer the half hourly generation and the daily energy generated data in the Post Control Phase for future forecasting purposes.  GSO shall obtain such information from the sources as follows.  

The net station output in MW and Mvar of each Power Station with a MCR capacity of 5 MW and above will be monitored by the GSO in real time.  The output in MW and Mvar of Power Stations with a MCR capacity of equal to or greater than 2 MW but less than 5 MW may be monitored by the GSO if the GSO reasonably decides.  

The GSO may request a Generator with non-CDGUs to provide it with electronic metered half-hourly data by approved electronic data transfer means, in respect of each generating site that does not have the GSOdirect monitoring facilities.  Such information shall be provided to the GSO in the manner and format approved by the GSO by 1000hrs the next day. 

< End of Operating Code No.1 Demand Forecasting > 

OPERATING CODE NO. 2 

OC2      OPERATIONAL PLANNING 

            OC2.1        INTRODUCTION 

Operational Planning involves planning through various time scales, the matching of generation capacity with forecast Demand pursuant to OC1 together with a reserve of generation to provide for the necessary Operating Reserves, in order to maintain the security of the Grid System taking into account: 

(a)        planned outages of Generating Units, including Power Park Modules;  

(b)       planned outages and operational constraints on parts of the Transmission Network; 

(c)        planned outages of Large Power Consumers; and 

(d)       transfers of capacity between the Grid System and any Interconnected Parties. 

Operating Code No. 2 (OC2) is concerned with the coordination between the GSO and Users through the various time scales of planned outages of Plant and Apparatus on the User System which may affect the operation of the Grid System. 

Operational Planning Phase covers several time frames of operation from 5-year ahead to the start of the Control Operational Phase as follows:  

i)    5-Year ahead Operation Plan ii) 1-Month Operation Plan iii)      10-Day ahead forecast Operation Plan iv)   1-Day ahead forecast Operation Plan 

            OC2.2        OBJECTIVES 

The objectives of OC2 are: 

(a)        to enable the GSO to coordinate generation and transmission outages to achieve safe, reliable and economic operation and minimise constraints; 

(b)       to set out the operational planning procedure including information required and a typical timetable for the coordination of planned outage requirements for Generators;  

(c)        to set out the operational planning procedure including information required and a typical timetable for the coordination of planned outage requirements for other Users that will have an effect on the operation of the Grid System; and 

(d)       to establish the responsibility of the Single Buyer to produce the relevant operation plans. 

            OC2.3        SCOPE 

OC2 applies to the Single Buyer, GSO and the following Users: 

(a)        Grid Owner; 

(b)       Network Owners; 

(c)        Generators with CDGUs, including Generator owning Power Park Modules; 

(d)       Generators with Generating Units not subject to Dispatch by the GSO with total on-site generation capacity equal to or greater than 1 MW where the GSO considers it necessary; 

(e)        Distributor;

(f)         Large Power Consumers where the GSO considers it necessary; and (g) InterconnectedParties.  

            OC2.4        SUBMISSION OF PLANNED OUTAGE SCHEDULES BY USERS 

                        OC2.4.1            Generators

  In each Year, by the end of August Year 0, each Generator with CDGUs shall provide the GSO with an "Indicative Generator Maintenance Schedule" which covers Year 3 up to Year 5. The schedule will contain the following information: 

(1)        Identity of the CDGU; 

(2)        MW not available; 

(3)        Other Apparatus affected by the same outage; 

(4)        Duration of outage; 

(5)        Preferred start and end date; 

(6)        State whether the planned outage is flexible, if so, provide the earliest start date and latest finishing date; 

(7)        State whether the planned outage is due to statutory obligation (for example for pressure vessel inspection/boiler check), if so, the latest date the outage must be taken; and 

(8)        To state detail of any test which may affect the performance of the Grid System or the Single Buyer’s operational plan or risk of tripping. 

 In each Year by the end of August of Year 0, each Generator with CDGUs shall also provide the GSO with a “Provisional Generator Maintenance Schedule”which covers Year 1 on a daily basis which for the avoidance of doubt means providing information for each day of Year 1 beginning 1st of January and ending 31st of December of Year 2. This schedule shall be submitted, in a format agreed by the GSO, and take account of the Operational Plan described in OC2.5, comprising of:  

(1)        type of outages for each CDGU; 

(2)        the period of each outage consistent with the Operational Plan; and 

(3)        any other outages as required by statutory organisations or for statutory reasons. 

                        OC2.4.2            Grid Owner 

In each Year, by the end of August of Year 0, Grid Owner shall provide the GSO with an "Indicative Transmission Outage Schedule" which covers Year 3 up to Year 5. The schedule will contain the following information: 

(1)        details of proposed outages of transmission equipment on Transmission Network; 

(2)        details of any trip testing and risk of any transmission equipment trip associated with each trip test; 

(3)        details of identifiable risk of transmission equipment trip arising from the work carried during the outage; and 

(4)        other information known to Grid Owner which may affect the reliability and security of the Grid System. 

In each calendar year by the end of August of Year 0, Grid Owner shall provide the GSO with a Provisional Transmission Outage Schedule” which covers Year 1 on a daily basis which for the avoidance of doubt means providing information for each day of Year 1 beginning 1st of January and ending 31st of December of Year 2 This schedule shall be submitted, in a format agreed by the GSO, and takes account of the Operational Plan described in OC2.5, comprising of: 

(1)        type of transmission outages; 

(2)        the period of each outage consistent with the Operational Plan; and 

(3)        any other outages as required by statutory organisations or for statutory reasons. 

 OC2.4.3  Distributors, Network Owners, Directly Connected Customers and Interconnected Parties 

In each calendar year, by the end of August of Year 0, each Distributor, Network Owner and Directly Connected Customers shall provide the GSO with an "Indicative Network Outage Schedule" which covers Year 1 up to Year 5. The schedule will contain the following information: 

(1)        details of proposed outages on their Systems which may affect the performance of the Grid System or requiring switching operation in the Grid System; 

(2)        details of any trip testing and risk of it causing trip of any transmission equipment in the Grid System; 

(3)        other information known to the Distributor, Network Owner and Directly Connected Customers which may affect the reliability and security of the Grid System. 

All Users shall submit details of any changes made to the information provided above to the GSO as soon as practicable. 

            OC2.5        PLANNING OF GENERATING UNITS OUTAGES 

                                    OC2.5.1             Operational Planning Timescales from 5 Years Ahead to 1 Year Ahead 

During the preparation of the Operational Plan, the GSO will endeavour to accommodate all outage requirements. However, there may be occasions when an outage cannot be met, and this will require additional consultation between the GSO and Users to formulate a best fit Operational Plan. 

The GSO will issue to Users the First Draft Operational Plan by the end of October of current year (Year 0). Users have, until the end of November of current year (Year 0), to notify the GSO of any objections to this first draft of the Operational Plan. The GSO will then consult Users to resolve any differences over the first draft Operational Plan and produce a final Operational Plan by the end of December of Year 0. This will form as one of the inputs for Single Buyer to develop the Annual Generation Plan.

Once the Operational Plan is issued by the GSO, the maintenance outage can only be changed: 

(a)        by order of the GSO for reasons of security of the Grid System provided that safety of any equipment is not compromised and that the order is not in violation of any statutory requirements;. 

(b)       by approval of the GSO, for reasons of security of supply, or security of the Grid System, or safety of User’s staff, or safety of User’s equipment or safety of members of the public; 

When a User cannot reach agreement with the GSO concerning the Operational Plan, then the dispute will be settled in accordance with the Grid Code Dispute Resolution Procedure, contained in the General Conditions (GC). 

The Operational Plan will be reviewed by the GSO each month prior to the implementation date to check the latest forecasts of Grid System Demand, and generation output usable to assess whether adequate Operating Reserves will be available. Where the GSO assesses that these requirements may be infringed, further iteration of the Planned Outages will be undertaken, to meet, as far as possible those requirements. 

            OC2.6        PLANNING OF TRANSMISSION OUTAGES 

                        OC2.6.1            Operational Planning timescales 5 Years Ahead to 1 Year Ahead 

 By the end of October of Year 0 the GSO will draw up a draft Transmission Network outage schedule (in the Draft Operation Plan) covering the period Years 1 to 5 ahead and the GSO will notify each relevant Users in writing of those aspects of the plan which may operationally affect such Userincluding in particular proposed start dates and end dates of relevant Transmission Networkoutages. 

The GSO will also indicate whether Special System Protection Schemes, Demand Side Management and constraining Generating Units are required in order to maintain the security of the Transmission Network within the Licence Standards. 

The GSO shall have the right to request the Grid Owner to schedule outages to coordinate with other User or Generating Plant outages for the optimisation of the Grid System operation. The Grid Owner shall not unreasonably refuse such requests. 

By the end of December of Year 0 the GSO will draw up a Final Transmission Network outage schedule covering Years 1 to 5. The plan for Year 1 becomes the final plan for Year 0 when by expiry of time, Year 1 becomes Year 0. 

The GSO will notify each User in writing of those aspects of the schedule which may operationally affect such User including in particular proposed start dates and end dates of relevant Transmission Network outages.  

The GSO will also indicate where a need may exist to use Operational Intertripping, emergency switching, emergency Demand management or other measures including restrictions (and reasons for such restrictions) on the Dispatch of the units to allow the security of the Total System to be maintained within the Licence Standards. 

It should be noted that the actual status of Grid System may be affected by other factors which may not be known at the time of the plan as well as during the update, thus GSO may change the planned outage schedule when in GSO’s opinion such changes are necessary in order to maintain secure and reliable Grid System operations.   

                        OC2.6.2            Operational Planning Timescales for Year 0 

 The Transmission Network outage schedule for Year 1 issued under OC2.6.1 shall become the schedule for Year 0 when by expiry of time, Year 1 becomes Year 0. 

 Each User may at any time during Year 0 request the GSO in writing for changes to the outages requested by them under OC2.4 the GSO shall determine whether the changes are possible and shall notify the User in question whether this is the case as soon as possible, and in any event within fourteen (14) days of the date of receipt by the GSO of the written request in question. 

 When necessary during Year 0, the GSO will notify each User, in writing of those aspects of the Transmission Network outage programme which may, in the reasonable opinion of the GSO, operationally affect that User including in particular proposed start dates and end dates of relevant Transmission Network outages. 

 There may be a requirement to undertake an unplanned outage which in this OC2 means a maintenance outage not included in the Final Operation Plan established by the GSO by the end of December of Year 0.  

 For request for unplanned outages of plant or apparatus or equipment taken out of service the following provisions apply: 

(1)        For outages of less than one (1) day, the notification period should be not less than fourteen (14) Business Days before the earliest start date. 

(2)        For outages whose duration is more than one (1) day but not more than two (2) days, the notification period should be not less than one (1) calendar month before the earliest start date. 

For outages of a substation busbar or all circuits on a right-of-way (which may be two (2) or more circuits on that right-of-way), notification for a Short Duration Unplanned Outage should not be less than four (4) calendar months before the earliest outage date. Outages of a longer duration than two (2) days are not normally accepted by the GSO. 

            OC2.7        UNPLANNED OUTAGES  

Unplanned Outage in this context refers to outage not included in the Final Operation Plan established by the GSO by the end of December of each year. 

Where due to unavoidable circumstances the Generator, Grid Owner or other User needs to arrange an Unplanned Outage then the party concerned must give as early as possible notification of the Unplanned Outage and submit it to the GSO for approval. This will normally be provided in writing but where this is not possible, it may be provided by telephone or other electronic means provided that it is acknowledged by the party concerned and the GSO. Notification must provide: 

(1)        full details of all Plant and Apparatus affected by temporary capacity restrictions; 

(2)        the expected start date and start time of the Unplanned Outage; 

(3)        the estimated return to service time and date of the Plant and Apparatus affected, and the time and date of the removal of any temporary capacity restrictions; and 

(4)        details of possible restrictions, or risk of trip, on other Plant and Apparatus due to the Unplanned Outage. 

The GSO may request for changes to be made to an Unplanned Outage programme when in the opinion of the GSO such Unplanned Outage would adversely affect the security of the Total System. The party will send a written confirmation to the GSO agreement or disagreement of the new Unplanned Outage date and time in writing but where this is not possible, it may be provided by telephone or other electronic means provided that a written record of the agreement or disagreement is kept by the GSO and the party. 

For a Forced Outage, the GSO shall take all reasonable measures to maintain the integrity and security of the Grid System. 

            OC2.8        PROGRAMMING PHASE (TO INCLUDE GENERATORS) 

 The GSO shall prepare firm plan for one (1) week ahead and the Day Ahead plan. 

 The GSO will notify each User, in writing of those aspects of the Transmission Network or Generating Units outage programme which may operationally affect that User including in particular proposed start dates and end dates of relevant Transmission Network or Generating Units outages and changes to information supplied by the GSO. 

 The GSO will also indicate where a need may exist to use Operational Intertripping, emergency switching, emergency Demand management or other measures including restrictions (and the reasons for such restrictions) on the Dispatch Units to allow the security of the Grid System to be maintained within the Licence Standards. 

 Users shall submit to the GSO, notification on confirmation of outages involving their Systems in not less than two (2) weeks prior to the date of each outage. 

 By 1700 hours each Friday the GSO shall prepare: 

(1)        One (1) week ahead firm outage programme; and 

(2)        A Day Ahead outage programme for the weekend through to the next normal Working Day.

 By 1700 hours each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday the GSO shall prepare a final Transmission Network outage programme for the following day. 

            OC2.9        OPERATIONAL PLANNING DATA REQUIRED 

 On commissioning and by the end of August in the year following the commissioning and by the end of August every third (3rd) year thereafter or when there is change in parameters, each Generator shall submit, in respect of each CDGU, to the Single Buyer, the GSO and Grid Owner, in writing the Generation Planning Parameters and the Generator Performance Chart. The Generation Planning Parameters shall be in the format indicated in Appendix 1 and the Generator Performance Chart shall be as set out in Appendix 2. 

 Any changes to the Generation Planning Parameters or Generator Performance Chart shall be promptly notified to the GSO and the Grid Owner. 

 The Generator Performance Chart must be on a Generating Unit specific basis at the Generating UnitStator Terminals and must include details of the Generating Unit transformer parameters and demonstrate the limitation on reactive capability with the System voltage at 3% above nominal. It must include any limitations on output due to the prime mover (both maximum and minimum) and Generating Unit step up transformer. 

 For each CCGT Unit, and any other Generating Unit whose performance varies significantly with any site related parameter (for example, ambient temperature, type of fuel, etc.) the Generator Performance Chart shall show curves for at least three values of each parameter so that the GSO and the Grid Owner can assess the variation in performance over all likely parameter variations by a process of linear interpolation or extrapolation. One of these curves shall be for the ambient temperature and Nominated Fuel for which the Generating Unit's output, or CCGT Unit output, as appropriate, equals its Registered Capacity. 

 For each Generating Unit a Performance Chart shall be submitted at ambient temperature and Nominated Fuel for each of the following conditions: 

(1)        nominal terminal voltage; 

(2)        terminal voltage at 10% above nominal terminal voltage; and 

(3)        terminal voltage at 10% below nominal terminal voltage. 

 The Generation Planning Parameters supplied under this OC2.7 shall be used by the GSO for operational planning purposes only and not in Scheduling and Dispatch. 

Each Generator shall in respect of each of its CCGT Modules submit to the GSO and the Grid Owner in writing a CCGT Module Planning Matrix. It shall be prepared on a best estimate basis relating to how it is anticipated the CCGT Module will be running and which shall reasonably reflect the true operating characteristics of the CCGT Module. It must show the combination of CCGT Units which would be running in relation to any given MW output. 

            OC2.10      DATA EXCHANGE 

 All studies in operational timescale shall be carried out by the GSO. The GSO may at the request of a Usercarry out studies for that User. Both the GSO and the User shall make the necessary data to carry out the study available for the purposes of such study. Any information used in or arising from the studies must only be used by the User in operating that User’s System and must not be used for any other purpose or passed on to, or used by, any other business of that User or to, or by, any person within any other such business or elsewhere. 

< End of Operating Code No.2 Operational Planning > 

OPERATING CODE NO.3 

OC3      OPERATING RESERVE 

            OC3.1        INTRODUCTION 

In order to keep the Frequency of the Grid System close to the nominal Frequency of 50.0Hz, the balance between demand and generation has to be maintained at all times. Thus GSO not only has to keep sufficient generation to satisfy the System Demand and Losses but also:  

• additional Spinning Reserve needs to be maintained to cater for demand forecast error as well as large disturbances especially tripping of large Generating Units or large demand; and,  
• Contingency Reserve to cover for the loss of the Spinning Reserve once such reserve has diminished. 

OC3 describes various types of reserve which have to be available in a number of time scales, which the GSO is expected to utilise in the provision of the Operating Reserve 

            OC3.2        OBJECTIVE 

The objective of OC3 describes the types of reserves which shall be utilised by the GSO to ensure safe and reliable operation of the Grid System. 

Responses of the System to the changes of Frequency cover various time frames: 

• Instantaneous inertia response of the System as the frequency changes; 
• Governor response of Synchronised Generating Units; this is also known as primary response which is the additional MW output available from the Generating Units 5 seconds after initial event and should be sustained for the next 25 seconds) 
• AGC response or manual adjustment of Generating Units MW output; this is also known as the secondary response of the Generating Units which is the additional MW output available from the Generating Units 30 seconds after the event and should be sustained for next 30 minutes 

            OC3.3        SCOPE

This Code applies to the GSO and the following Users:

(1)        Single Buyer; 

(2)        Generators with CDGUs; 

(3)        Distributors, Network Owners and Directly Connected Customers who have agreed to undertake Demand Control; and 

(4)        Interconnected Parties. 

            OC3.4        OPERATING RESERVES AND ITS CONSTITUENTS         

In preparing the Generation Schedule, in accordance with SDC1, the GSO will use the Demand forecasts, as detailed in OC1 and match generation output to Demand plus Operating Reserve. These reserves are further detailed below. 

These reserves are essential for the stable operation of the Grid System and Generators will have their CDGU’s tested from time to time in accordance with OC10 to ensure compliance with the relevant provisions of this Grid Code. Parties offering automatic Demand Control will also be tested from time to time. 

There are two types of Operating Reserve namely Spinning Reserve, and Non-Spinning Reserve. The types and requirements of responses provided by the Operating Reserve are described and specified in OC3.4.1 and OC3.4.4. 

                        OC3.4.1            Spinning Reserves of Generating Units 

Spinning Reserve is the change in the MW output from Synchronised Generating Units in response to a change in system frequency.  

The various forms of Spinning Reserves that are available to GSO are summarized as follows: 

(1)        Primary Reserve: is the portions of Spinning Reserve from the SynchronisedGenerating Units that are on free governor control and; is realisable within five (5) seconds in response to the fall in the Grid System Frequency and should be sustainable for the next twenty five (25) seconds,  

(2)        Secondary Reserve: is the portion of Spinning Reserve from the SynchronisedGenerating Units that are under automatic generation control (AGC) or manually dispatch by GSO and; is realisable within thirty (30) seconds in response to the fall in the System Frequency and should be sustainable for the next thirty (30) minutes. Secondary Reserve is also known as Regulating Reserve as it is also used for adjusting the MW outputs of Generating Units to cater for the increase or decrease in System Demand in the course of the day,  

(3)        Non Regulating Reserve this is the Spinning Reserve that is available from those Generating Units that GSO will from time to time dispatch the new MW output levels of the respective Generating Units to ensure that there is sufficient Regulating Reserveavailable in those Generating Units under AGC mode. 

                        OC3.4.2            Other Forms of Spinning Reserve  

Spinning Reserve is also available from: 

(1)        Loads such as motors which are sensitive to the Frequency, and 

(2)        the Interconnected Parties through the AC Interconnectors or DC Interconnector in Load Frequency Control (LFC) Mode, 

                        OC3.4.3            High Frequency Reserve 

To ensure safe and reliable operations, GSO has to have sufficient High Frequency Reserve from Synchronised Generating Units which will automatically reduce their MW outputs in response to a sudden increase in the Frequency due to loss of large quantum of demand or loss of large exporting Interconnector. This Spinning Reserve is released over a 10s period from the time of the Frequency increase. 

Power Park Module usually does not provide effective low frequency reserve response as it is operating at maximum capacity. During high frequency above 50.5 Hz, it must have the capability to reduce its output in accordance with its droop setting and reduced its output to zero MW when frequency reaches 52.0Hz.  

                        OC3.4.4            Contingency Reserve 

These are aggregate of all the maximum capabilities of available Generating Units that are on standby which can be Synchronised to the System and be able for Dispatch: 

a)          Within thirty (30) minutes for units on Hot Standby or 

b)         After the time as stated in the Availability Declaration or PPA 

In some jurisdiction, Contingency Reserve is also known as Non-Spinning Reserve.  

For avoidance of doubt, the diagram below shows the various terms that are used in this Grid Codeto describe the Operating Reserve. 

Various Terms Used To Describe Spinning Reserves 

OC3.5  USE OF SPINNING RESERVE TO MITIGATE THE FALL OF FREQUENCY 

It is the responsibility of GSO to keep sufficient Spinning Reserve to ensure that the loss of the largest Synchronised Generating Units will not lead to under frequency load shedding and the Frequency can recover back to its normal operating range (50 ± 0.5 Hz) within 1 minute.  

The following diagram shows generally how the various phases of system response due to the actions of Primary Reserve, Secondary Reserve and Non-regulating Reserve in the event of a tripping of a Generating Unit.  

OC3.6  SPINNING RESERVE REQUIREMENTS OF GENERATING UNITS ON FREE GOVERNOR MODE 

Each Generating Unit must be capable of providing minimum Primary and Secondary Reserve as follows: 

Note: For combined cycle Generating Units the Rated MW Capacity shall be based on the aggregated declared MW Capacity of each Generating Unit. 

The Distributed Control System (DCS) of the power plant must not restrict or limit generation output, delay the response time or modify the deadband setting and range of spinning reserve response, unless it is approved by GSO. 

            OC3.7        ALLOCATION OF OPERATING RESERVES 

                        OC3.7.1            Level of Spinning Reserve 

The level of Spinning Reserve should cater for forecasting errors plus whichever is the largest single credible contingency listed below: 

a)         the loss of the largest Synchronised Generating Unit or the largest gas turbine (GT) in opened cycle mode or largest and a half GT (due to the reduction in the output of the steam turbine when the associated gas turbine tripped) in combined cycle mode; or 

b)         the loss of the import from an Interconnected Party. 

Sufficient Spinning Reserve has to be kept to ensure that there is no loss of demand should one of the above mentioned contingencies arise. 

                                    OC3.7.2             Keeping sufficient Spinning Reserve to ensure quality of System Frequency 

GSO should endeavour to keep sufficient Spinning Reserve to maintain the quality of the System Frequency not less than that shown in the table below:

                              OC3.7.3            Contingency Reserve 

After allocating generation to cater for forecasted demand, demand forecast error, losses and Spinning Reserve, Single Buyer and GSO have to ensure there is sufficient Contingency Reserve to cater for the next largest Generating Unit or largest CCGT Block (in 1GT x 1ST configuration) or largest GT+ 50% GT Capacity for CCGT Block (in 2 or more GT + 1 ST configuration) whichever has the largest quantum. 

During the outage planning for Generators, GSO has to work closely with Single Buyer to ensure that there are always sufficient Operating Reserve available to ensure safe and secure operation. In the day ahead scheduling in pursuant to SDC 1 

The Daily and 10 Day Operational Plans will indicate the level of Spinning Reserve required for each of the half hour period in the Scheduling and Dispatch Plan. 

Each week the GSO shall prepare a Weekly Operational Plan which will run from 0000 hours on the Saturday following to immediately before 2400 hours on the second subsequent Monday and shall be issued by exception to each Generator in relation to that Generator’s CDGU when the GSOconsiders it necessary. 

            OC3.8        DATA REQUIREMENTS 

The following data related to Operating Reserves are typically required by the Single Buyer and GSO for operational purposes: 

(1)        Primary Response characteristics to Frequency change data which describes the CDGU'sresponse at different levels of loading up to rated loading; 

(2)        Secondary Response characteristics to Frequency change data which describes the CDGU'sresponse at different levels of loading up to rated loading; and 

(3)        Governor droop and deadband characteristics expressed. 

Generators shall register this data, in the format agreed with the Grid Owner and GSO under the Planning Code (PC) which is termed as the Registered Data and verified under OC10 and any revisions thereto shall also be notified under PC and SDC1. 

< End of Operating Code No.3: Operating Reserve > 

OPERATING CODE NO. 4 

OC4      DEMAND CONTROL 

            OC4.1        INTRODUCTION

Operating Code No. 4 (OC4) is concerned with the procedures to be followed by the GSO and Users to initiate reductions in Demand in the event that generation is insufficient to meet forecast or real-time Demand, or shortfall of generation due to tripping of Generating Units or tripping of an importing Interconnector. In addition, these provisions shall be used by the GSO to prevent an Abnormal Overloadof Apparatus or Plant within the Grid System, or to prevent a voltage collapse. 

Demand Control shall include but not limited to the following actions on load or demand: 

(1)        Automatic load or demand shedding; 

(2)        Manual load or demand shedding including Demand Side Management (DSM); and 

(3)        Reduction of load through voltage reduction 

            OC4.2        OBJECTIVES

The objective of OC4 is to establish procedures such that the GSO in consultation with the Grid Owner shall endeavour, as far as practicable, to spread Demand reductions equitably.

            OC4.3        SCOPE

OC4 applies to the GSO and the following Users: 

(a)        Generators;

(b)       Grid Owner; 

(c)        Distributors;

(d)       Directly Connected Customers;  

(e)        Single Buyer;  

(f)         Interconnected Parties. 

            OC4.4        PROCEDURE FOR NOTIFICATION OF DEMAND REDUCTION CONTROL 

The GSO will arrange to have available manual or instructed Demand Shedding and/or disconnection schemes to be employed throughout the Grid System. These schemes are intended for use when it is possible to carry out such Demand Shedding or disconnection in the required timeframe by this means. Such a scheme could also involve voltage reductions and/or manual or automatic operation of the SCADA switching facilities and/or instructions to Users to disconnect Demand. 

The GSO will endeavour, as far as practicable, to spread Demand reductions equitably. In protracted generation shortage or Grid System overloading, large imbalances of generation and Demand may cause excessive power transfers across the Grid System. Should such transfers endanger the stability of the Grid System or cause a risk of damaging its Plant or Apparatus, the pattern of Demand reduction shall be adjusted to secure the Grid System, notwithstanding the inequalities of Disconnection that may arise from such adjustments. 

                        OC4.4.1            Types of Warnings 

The purpose of warnings is to ensure that the response to requests for Disconnection is both prompt and effective. Warnings will be issued by the GSO via telephone to the Grid Owner, Generators, Network Owners and Large Power Consumers as appropriate. Demand reduction will, however, be required without warning if unusual and unforeseen circumstances create severe operational problems such as under frequency conditions that can lead to tripping of Generating Units. 

All the warnings issued will state the hours and days of risk and for an 'Orange' Warning and a ‘Red’ Warning, the estimated quantum of Demand reduction forecast. If, after the issue of a warning, it appears that system conditions have so changed that the risk of Demand reduction is reduced or removed entirely, the GSO will issue the appropriate modification or cancellation. 

                        (i)         Yellow Warning 

A 'Yellow Warning’ will be issued by the GSO to Power Stations and the Grid Owner when, for any reason, there is cause to believe that the risk of serious system disturbances is abnormally high. During the period of a Yellow Warning, Power Stations and substations affected will be alerted and maintained in the condition in which they are best able to withstand system disturbances, for example, Power Stations with means of safeguarding the station auxiliary supplies will bring them into operation. Power Station control room and substation staff should be standing by to receive and carry out switching instructions from the GSO or to take any authorised independent action. 

(ii)            Orange Warning 

An ‘Orange Warning’ will be issued by the GSO to Generators, Grid Owner, Network Owner and Distributors, during periods of protracted generation shortage or periods of high risk of a disturbance on the Grid System. This is to provide guidance to the Distributors in the utilisation of their manpower resources in rota Disconnections. To this end, estimates of the quantum of Disconnections required together with the time and duration of the Demand reductions likely to be enforced are to be included in the warning. 

(iii)           Red Warning 

A 'Red Warning’ will be issued to indicate that Disconnection of Consumer Demand under controlled conditions is imminent. The Grid Owner, Network Owner and Distributors will take such preparatory action as is necessary to ensure that at any time during the period specified, Disconnection of supplies can be applied promptly and effectively. 

            OC4.5        PROCEDURES FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF DEMAND CONTROL 

During the implementation of Demand Control, Scheduling and Dispatch in accordance with the principles in the SDCs may cease and will not be re-implemented until the GSO decides that normal operation can be resumed. The GSO will inform Generators with CDGUs when normal Scheduling and Dispatch in accordance with the SDCs is to be re-implemented, as soon as reasonably practicable. 

Demand Control will be achieved by telephone instructions in the case of instructed Demand Control, to each relevant User and by direct switching by the GSO in the case of manual Demand Control. 

Whether a Yellow, Orange or Red warning has been issued or not each relevant User shall abide by the instructions of the GSO with regard to Demand Control without delay. 

The Demand Control must be achieved as far as possible uniformly across all Grid Supply Points unless otherwise instructed by the GSO. 

In circumstances of protracted shortage of generation or where a statutory instruction has been given (e.g. a fuel security period) and when a reduction in Demand is envisaged by the GSO to be prolonged, the GSOwill notify the relevant Users of the expected duration. 

Each User shall abide by the instructions of the GSO with regard to the restoration of Demand under this OC4.5 without delay. The User shall not restore Demand until it has received such instruction from GSO. The restoration of Demand must be carried out within two (2) minutes of the instruction being given by the GSO. 

Each relevant User will notify the GSO in writing that it has complied with instructions of the GSO under this OC4.5, within ten (10) minutes of so doing, together with an estimation of the Demand Reduction or restoration achieved, as the case may be. 

            OC4.6        TYPES OF DEMAND CONTROL TO BE IMPLEMENTED 

                        OC4.6.1            Automatic Under Frequency Load Shedding Scheme 

Demand may be disconnected automatically by under frequency relays at selected locations in the Grid System in the event of a severe fall in Frequency, in order to restore the balance between generation and Demand. The quantum of load that can be shed using this under frequency load shedding scheme should not be less than 50% of the System Peak Demand. The GSO shall conduct system studies to determine the appropriate low frequency settings and percentage Demandto be disconnected at each stage of Disconnection, and arrange and coordinate with Grid Owner, Generator and other Users to implement such a scheme. The areas of Demand affected by this automatic under frequency scheme will be such that it allows the Demand relief to be applied uniformly throughout the Grid System by the GSO, taking into account any operational constraints on the Grid System and priority Consumer groups. 

Each User shall upon the instruction of the GSO implement, test, and maintain automatic frequency load shedding to the quanta as specified by GSO.  

The GSO shall monitor the performance of the under frequency load shedding scheme using data from system disturbances. Users shall make available all the data by which the GSO can monitor the performance of the scheme. GSO has to conduct annual review of the automatic under frequency load shedding scheme. 

                        OC4.6.2            Automatic Under Voltage Demand Load Shedding Scheme 

When it is necessary to install an automatic under voltage load shedding scheme, the GSO shall make all necessary studies, arrangement and coordination to ensure sufficient quanta of automatic under voltage load shedding which is likely to be around 10% of the Grid System total Peak Demand or otherwise as determined by the GSO in accordance with the requirements of the Grid System. The purpose of this is to seek to limit the consequences of potential voltage instability. 

Each User shall upon the instruction of the GSO implement, test, and maintain automatic voltage load shedding to the quanta as specified by GSO.  

The GSO shall monitor the performance of the under voltage load shedding scheme using data from system disturbances. Users shall make available all the data by which the GSO can monitor the performance of the scheme. GSO has to conduct annual review of the automatic under frequency load shedding scheme.   

                        OC4.6.3            Demand Control initiated by the GSO 

(i)              Manual or Automatic Load Shedding 

The GSO shall arrange to have available manual or automatic SCADA Demand reduction and/or Disconnection schemes to be employed throughout the Grid System This is to enable GSO to reduce demand in a speedy manner during system emergency. The Demand to be shed under this scheme should be different from that assigned for the under frequency load shedding scheme.  

Demand Control can also be used to prevent any overloading of Apparatus or Plant or in the event of fuel shortages and/or water shortages at hydro-CDGUs. 

The GSO may reduce system voltage by 5% as part of the exercise to reduce System Demand. 

(ii)             Demand Side Management 

Where a Large Power Consumer, agrees in writing with the GSO or Single Buyer to provide Demand Control, such that it is able to demonstrate that it has the means to reduce significant Demand when requested to do so by the GSO, then this would result in these Users remaining connected to the Grid System when other Users are disconnected. 

(iii)           Rota Load Shedding Plan 

Protracted loss or deficiency of generation shall be met by the use of voluntary Demand Side Management by Large Power Consumers and where necessary by the rota load shedding plan. The GSO in coordination with the Distributors, Grid Owner and Network Owners will prepare a rota load shedding plan which is to be reviewed annually or as and when necessary. The Distributorand Grid Owner/Network Owners shall be implemented such plan on instructions from the GSO.  

The procedures for warning and Demand reduction instructions shall be in accordance with this OC4.4 

            OC4.7        SCHEDULING AND DISPATCH 

During the implementation of Demand Control, Scheduling and Dispatch in accordance with the principles in the SDC may cease and will not be re-implemented until the GSO decides that normal operation can be resumed. The GSO will inform Generators when normal Scheduling and Dispatch in accordance with the SDC is to be re-implemented as soon as reasonably practicable. The GSO has to inform the Single Buyer as well as the Energy Commission in writing the time and period that SDC is suspended. 

< End of Operating Code No.4: Demand Control > 

OPERATING CODE NO. 5 

OC5      OPERATIONAL LIAISON 

            OC5.1        INTRODUCTION  

Operating Code No. 5 (OC5) sets out the requirements for the exchange of information in relation to the Operations and/or Events on the Grid System or a User installation, which have had or may have an Operational Effect on the Grid System or other User’s installation and not the reason why. 

When reporting an Event or Operation that has occurred on the Grid System which has been caused by (or exacerbated by) an Operation or Event on a User's System, GSO in reporting the Event or Operationon the Grid System to another User can pass on what it has been told by the first User in relation to the Operation or Event on the first User's System. 

            OC5.2        OBJECTIVES 

The objectives of OC5 is to ensure that the exchange of information that is needed in order that possible risks arising from the Operations and/or Events on the  Grid System and/or User installations can be assessed and appropriate action taken.  OC5 does not seek to deal with any actions arising from the exchange of information but rather only with that exchange; 

            OC5.3        SCOPE 

OC5 applies to the GSO and Users which in OC5 means: 

(a)        Network Owner; 

(b)       Generators; 

(c)        All Generators with Generating Units not subject to Dispatch by the GSO, with total on-site generation capacity greater than or equal to 1.0 MW where the GSO considers it necessary; 

(d)       Large Power Consumers where the GSO considers it necessary; and (e)           Interconnected Parties. 

            OC5.4        OPERATIONAL LIAISON TERMS 

The term Operation means a planned and instructed action relating to the operation of any Plant or Apparatus that forms a part of the Grid System or User’s system.  Such Operation would typically involve some planned change of state of the Plant or Apparatus concerned, which the GSO requires to be informed of. 

The term Event means an unscheduled or unplanned (although it may be anticipated) occurrence on, or relating to, the Grid System including faults, incidents and breakdowns, and adverse weather conditions being experienced. 

The term Operational Effect means any effect that the operation of a System which will or may cause the Grid System or other User’s system to operate (or be at a materially increased risk of operating) differently to the way in which it would or may have normally operated in the absence of that effect. 

            OC5.5        PROCEDURES FOR OPERATIONAL LIAISON 

The GSO and Users shall nominate persons and or contact locations and agree on the communication channels to be used in accordance with the Connection Conditions (CC) to make effective the exchange of information required by the provisions of OC5.  There may be a need to specify locations where personnel can operate, such as Power Station, control centres etc.  Also detailed shall be the required and the manning levels to be required, for example, 24 hours, official holiday cover etc.  These arrangements will have been agreed upon when producing the Site Responsibility Schedule pursuant to the Connection Conditions. 

In general, all Users will liaise with the GSO to initiate and establish any required communication channel between them.   

SCADA equipment, remote terminal units or other means of communication specified in the Connections Conditions may be required at the User's site for the transfer of information to and from the GSO.  As the nature and configuration of communication equipment required to comply with will vary between each category of User connected to the Grid System, it will be necessary to clarify the requirements in the respective Connection Agreement and/or Power Purchase Agreement. 

Information between the GSO and the Users shall be exchanged on the reasonable request from either party.  

In the case of an Operation or Event on a User installation which will have or may have an OperationalEffect on the Grid System or other User’s installations, the User that created the Operational Effect shall notify the GSO in accordance with OC5.6.  The GSO shall inform other Users who in its reasonable opinion may be affected by that Operational Effect.   

In the case of an Operation or Event on the Grid System which will have or may have an OperationalEffect on any User’s installation, the GSO shall notify the corresponding User in accordance with OC5.6.  

            OC5.6        REQUIREMENT TO NOTIFY 

While in no way limiting the general requirements to notify set out in OC5, the GSO and Users shall agree to review from time to time the Operations and Events which are required to be notified.  

Examples of Operations where notification by the GSO or Users may be required under OC5 are: 

(a)        the implementation of planned outage of Plant or Apparatus pursuant to OC2; 

(b)       the operation of circuit breaker or isolator; 

(c)        voltage control; and 

(d)       on-load fuel changeover on CDGUs. 

Examples of Events where notification by the GSO or Users may be required under OC5 are: (a) the operation of Plant and/or Apparatus in excess of its capability or which may present a hazard to personnel; 

(b)       activation of an alarm or indication of an abnormal operating condition; 

(c)        adverse weather condition; 

(d)       breakdown of, or faults on, or temporary changes in, the capability of Plant and/or Apparatus; 

(e)        breakdown of, or faults on, control, communication and metering equipment; 

(f)         increased risk of unplanned protection operation; and 

(g)        abnormal operating parameters, such as governor problem, fuel system trouble, high temperature, etc. 

                        OC5.6.1                        Form of Notification 

A notification under OC5 shall be of sufficient detail to describe the Operation or Event that might lead or has led to an Operational Effect on the relevant Systems, although it does not need to state the cause.  This is to enable the recipient of the notification to reasonably consider and assess the implications or risks arising from it.  The recipient may seek to clarify the notification. 

This notification may be in writing if the situation permits it, otherwise, the other agreed communication channels in OC5.5 shall be used.  

The notification shall include the name of the nominated person making the notification as agreed between the relevant parties in OC5.5.

Where notification is received verbally, it should be written down by the recipient and repeated back to the sender to confirm its accuracy. 

                        OC5.6.2                        Timing of Notification 

A notification under OC5 for Operations which will have or may have an Operational Effect on the relevant systems shall be provided as far in advance as practicable and at least 3 Business Days in advance to allow the recipient to consider the implications and risks which may or will arise from it.  

A notification under OC5 for Events have had an Operational Effect on the relevant Systems shall be provided within fifteen (15) minutes after the occurrence of the Event or as soon as practicable after the Event is known or anticipated by the person issuing the notification.  

                        OC5.6.3                        Confidentiality of Notification 

Confidentiality of all information obtained using OC5 should be maintained unless with the written permission of the GSO or User who provides such information. However all information should be made available to the Energy Commission if requested.  

            OC5.7        SIGNIFICANT INCIDENTS 

Where an Event on a Grid System has had or may have had a significant effect on a User’s installation or when an Event on the User’s installation has had or may have had a significant effect on the Grid Systemor other User’s installations, the Event shall be deemed a Significant Incident by the GSO. 

Significant Incidents shall be reported in writing to the affected parties in accordance with OC6. 

< End of Operating Code No.5: Operational Liaison > 

OPERATING CODE NO.6 

            OC6      SIGNIFICANT INCIDENTREPORTING 

            OC6.1        INTRODUCTION 

Operating Code No. 6 (OC6) sets out the requirements for reporting of Significant Incidents.   

OC6 also provides for joint investigation of Significant Incidents by the Users involved and the GSO. 

            OC6.2        OBJECTIVES 

The objectives of OC6 are: 

(a)        to facilitate the provision of detailed information in reporting Significant Incidents; and  

(b)       to facilitate joint investigations of Significant Incident by GSO and relevant Users. 

            OC6.3        SCOPE 

OC6 applies to the GSO and the following Users: 

(a)        Single Buyer; 

(b)       Grid Owner; 

(c)        All Generators; 

(d)       Network Owners; 

(e)        Large Power Consumers where the GSO considers it necessary; and (f)         Interconnected Parties. 

            OC6.4        PROCEDURES FOR REPORTING SIGNIFICANT INCIDENTS 

While in no way limiting the general requirements to report Significant Incidents under OC6, a SignificantIncident will include Events having an Operational Effect that will or may result in the following: 

(a)            the Abnormal operation of Plant and/or Apparatus; 

(b)            Grid System voltage outside Normal Operating Condition limits; 

(c)             Frequency outside Normal Operating Condition limits;  

(d)            Grid System instability and  

(e)            any breach of Safety Rules or operating procedures which result in or pose a risk of injury to personnel or damage to Plant or Apparatus; 

The GSO and User shall nominate persons, contact locations and communication channels to ensure the effectiveness of OC6, such persons or communication channels may be the same as those established in OC5.  For any change in relation to the nominated persons, the contact locations and the communication channels, the GSO and User shall promptly inform each other in writing. 

In the case of an Event which has been reported to the GSO under OC5 by the User and subsequently determined to be a Significant Incident by the GSO or User, a written report shall be given to the GSO by the User involved in accordance with OC6.5.   

In the case of an Event which has been reported to the User under OC5 by the GSO and subsequently determined to be a Significant Incident by the GSO or User, a written report shall be given to the Userinvolved by the GSO in accordance with OC6.5.  

In all cases, the GSO shall be responsible for the writing the final report before issuing to all relevant parties, including the Energy Commission.  

            OC6.5        SIGNIFICANT INCIDENT REPORT 

                        OC6.5.1            Form of Report 

A report shall be in writing or any other means mutually agreed between the two parties. The report shall contain: 

(a)        confirmation of the notification given under OC5; 

(b)       a more detailed explanation or statement relating to the Significant Incident from that provided in the notification given under OC5; and 

(c)        any additional information which has become known with regards to the Significant Incidentsince the notification was issued. 

The report shall as a minimum contain the following details. 

(a)        Date, time and duration of the Significant Incident; 

(b)       Location;

(c)        Apparatus and or Plant involved; 

(d)       Description of Significant Incident under investigation and its cause; and 

(e)        Conclusions and recommendations of corrective and preventive actions if applicable. 

                        OC6.5.2            Timing of Report 

A written report under OC6 shall be given as soon as reasonably practical after the initial notification under OC5.  The timescale shall be as follows: 

(i)       Preliminary Report  

The GSO or the User as the case may be shall produce a preliminary written Significant Incident report within 4 hours of the GSO or the User receiving notification under OC 5 that the Event is deemed to be a Significant Incident.  

(ii)      Full Report 

The GSO or the User, as the case may be, shall produce a full written Significant Incidentreport within three (3) Business Days of the GSO or the User receiving notification under OC 5 that the Event is deemed to be a Significant Incident. If GSO or the User requires more than three (3) Business Days to prepare the final report, GSO or the User may request additional time up to two (2) calendar months to carry out the relevant investigations and submit the final report 

The preliminary and final Significant Incident report shall be circulated by the GSO to other relevant Users and the Energy Commission.  In the case of Significant Incidents affecting the operation ofa CDGU or an Interconnected Party a copy of the report shall also be submitted to the Single Buyer. 

            OC6.6        PROCEDURE FOR JOINT INVESTIGATION 

Where a Significant Incident has been declared and a report submitted under OC6.4, the affected party or parties may request in writing that a joint investigation should be carried out. 

The joint investigation shall be carried out by a panel, the composition of which shall be appropriate to the incident to be investigated and agreed upon by all the parties involved.  If an agreement cannot be reached, the Energy Commission shall decide. 

The form and procedures and all matters relating to the joint investigation shall be agreed by the parties acting in good faith and without delay at the time of the joint investigation.  The joint investigation must begin within ten (10) Business Days from the date of the occurrence of the Significant Incident. 

Examples of Significant Incidents where notification by the GSO or Users may be required under OC5 are: 

(a)        Voltage outside statutory limits; 

(b)       Frequency outside statutory limits; and 

(c)        System instability 

< End of Operating Code No.6: Significant Reporting > 

OPERATING CODE NO. 7 

OC7      SYSTEM RESTORATION 

            OC7.1        INTRODUCTION 

Operating Code No.7 is concerned with the considerations that need to be taken in developing a System Restoration Plan for the Grid System after a Partial or Total Blackout. OC 7 requires the GSO working with Grid Owner and other relevant Users to develop a System Restoration Plan. This Plan has to be reviewed annually. OC 7 covers the strategy for speedy and efficient restoration and some of the major considerations in developing the Restoration Plan. 

As there will always be unanticipated problems and/or issues encountered during the restoration process, GSO is expected to modify the restoration procedures. Thus it is important that all Users have to abide by the instructions given by GSO unless to do so would endanger life or would cause damage to Plant or Apparatus. 

            OC7.2        OBJECTIVES 

The objective of OC7 is to ensure that in the event of a Partial Blackout or a Total Blackout normal supplies can be restored to all Consumers as quickly and as safely as practicable. 

            OC7.3        SCOPE

OC7 applies to the Single Buyer, GSO, and the following Users:

(a)        Grid Owner; 

(b)       Network Owners; 

(c)        Generators;

(d)       Distributors; 

(e)        Large Power Consumers identified by the GSO who may be involved in the restoration process; and

(f)         Interconnected Party 

            OC7.4        STRATEGIES FOR SPEEDY RESTORATION 

In order speed up the System restoration after a Total System Blackout, the Transmission Network is to be broken up into a number of Power Islands so that the system restoration process can be independently and simultaneously carried out in each of these Islands using the Blackstart Capable Power Stations. Failure to start up any of the Islands will not jeopardise the overall restoration process. 

In the case of Partial Blackout, the electricity supply from those Power Islands that survive the Systembreak up are to be used to re-energise blackout islands. This restoration process is normally faster than to use the Blackstart Capable Power Stations in the blackout islands to power up the system.   

There are two general switching strategies, which may be used to sectionalise the 

Transmission Network for restoration. The first is the “all opened” approach where all 

circuit breakers at affected (blacked out) substations are opened. The second strategy is the “selective opened” where only a few selected breakers are opened in the affected substations. 

The “all opened” strategy is used for power station switchyards and GIS substations. The advantages of this strategy are: 

• simpler and safer configuration to re-energize.  
• large voltage and frequency deviations due to inadvertent load pickup is less likely to occur.  

The closing mechanism of circuit breakers is either using compressed air or charged up springs. If all the circuit breakers are opened during the blackout event, there is a possibility that the remaining compressed air or the remaining charge of the battery is insufficient for the proper operation of the circuit breaker closing mechanism. This will cause a delay in energising the substation as standby Generators need to be used to run the compressor to charge up the air or charge up the battery.  

With the “selective opened” strategy the above mentioned potential problem can be avoided. The “selective opened” switching strategy, can be further divided into two categories: 

• Where all circuit breakers are opened except one incoming HV circuit breaker, the HV circuit breaker of one transformer and its associated LV circuit breaker which is connected to the station LV auxiliary bus bar. The substation auxiliary supply will immediately come alive when the HV line is energised from the remote end. Thus AC supply is immediately available to run the air compressor or to charge the batteries.  
• Where all circuit breakers in the affected substation remain in the close positions so that once the remote end circuit breaker is closed the substation is normalised. This strategy can only be used if GSO is sure that the total load of the substation is equal to or less than 5% of the gross capacity of all the Synchronised Generators of the subsystem or system. The advantage of using this approach is that there will be less switching operations required and hence helps to speed up the restoration time.  

Whether GSO adopt “all opened” or “selective opened” strategy in breaking up the transmission network to form Power Islands for speedy restoration, it is imperative that the  circuit breakers of the lines connecting two substations at the borders of the Power Islands must be opened at both ends to avoid inadvertent crash synchronisation during restoration. 

It is important that all Users identified under OC7 make themselves fully aware of the System Restoration Plan, as failure to act in accordance with the GSO’s instructions will risk further delay in the restoration. 

            OC7.5        DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEM RESTORATION PLAN 

GSO is to coordinate with the Grid Owner, the Network Owners, the Generators and the Distributor to develop a System Restoration Plan. There should be an annual review of the plan. The System Restoration Plan should include and not limited to the followings: 

1)         Philosophies and strategies for System restoration 

2)         Identification of the roles and responsibilities of the personnel necessary to the restoration 

3)         Identification of blackstart resources including: 

a)         Generating Unit resources 

b)         sufficient fuel resources  

c)          transmission resources 

d)         communication resources and backup power supplies 

4)         Contingency plans for failed resources 

5)         Identification of critical load requirements 

6)         Provisions for training of personnel 

7)         Verification of the Blackstart procedures for Blackstart Capable Power Stations

8)         The individual Island Restoration Plan and the Grid System Restoration Plan 9)     General instructions and guidelines for: 

a)         GSO 

b)         Power plant operators 

c)          Communications personnel 

d)         Transmission and distribution personnel 

10)      Provision for simulation drill for System Restoration

11)      Provisions for public information 

            OC7.6        CONSIDERATIONS DURING SYSTEM RESTORATION 

                        OC7.6.1            Priorities of restoration  

Establishing priorities can be subjective and even change from one incident to another. Starting Generating Units with blackstart capability and providing auxiliary power to units that have just been shut down is clearly a very high priority. 

The following actions for system restoration should be considered and assigned proper sequence and priority: 

1. Assessment of system conditions 
2. Safe shutdown of Generating Units is paramount in ensuring that the affected Generating Units will be available to power up the system 
3. Stabilise those Generating Units that are still running  
4. Restoration and maintenance of communication facilities and networks 
5. Contact local police and fire departments concerning the extent of the problem 
6. Contact with public information agencies to request the broadcasting of pre-distributed appeals and instructions 
7. Restoration of Generating Units with blackstart capability 
8. Providing service to critical electric system facilities such as the power stations with no blackstart capability especially if their Generating Units are still in the hot or warm conditions, gas processing plants, telecommunication centres etc 
9. Restoration of the Transmission Network
10. Connection of islands taking care to avoid recurrence of a Partial or Total Blackout and equipment damage 
11. Restoration of service to critical customer loads such as hospitals, water treatment plants, city centres 
12. Restoration of service to remaining customers 

                        OC7.6.2            Evaluate Generation Resources 

Generation resources in any system are dynamic. This is especially so after a Partial or Total Blackout. The units that were on line before the incident may now be off line or in an unknown condition. Plant personnel should immediately make an assessment of the power plant status and, as soon as possible inform the status to GSO. This information will be used to develop a blackstart process based on actual Generating Units availability.  

                        OC7.6.3            Evaluate Transmission Network Status 

A Partial or Total Blackout will generally cause much initial confusion and generate a large number of SCADA alarms and events which may compound the confusion. Thus it is imperative that alarm and event filtering functionality should be made available in the SCADA so that GSO can more easily and quickly assess the actual status of the Grid System. Before Generating Units can be restarted, an accurate picture of the transmission and generation system should be developed. The first step of the restoration process should be an evaluation of the status of generation as well as the transmission network. At times SCADA indications may need to be confirmed by dispatching personnel to verify equipment status. The SCADA data to be used during the restoration process has to be accurate if the process is to be successful. All known and/or suspected transmission damage should be identified so that they can be isolate and alternate paths to be used during the system restoration process. 

                        OC7.6.4            Supply to Gas Processing Plant 

In a blackout event, especially a wide spread event, restoration of power supply to natural gas processing plants and the gas transmission facilities should be prioritise even if they have standby emergency power, as gas supply is critical to the operation of gas fired Power Stations . 

                        OC7.6.5            Transmission Restoration 

During early stages of restoration, the GSO should pay special attention to the following concerns:  

• Before energising a transmission line: its auto-recloser should be disabled in order to prevent automatic reclosing if the line is faulty, and keep the sending end voltage to less than 1 pu as the receiving end voltage will be higher than that of the sending end due the Ferranti effect. 
• When energising long transmission lines, care must be taken to make sure that the Generating Units are on automatic voltage control and that enough MVAR reserve (or margin) is available at the Generating Units to absorb the line charging VARs.  
• Once a line has been energised successfully, it is best to give supply to some local load to reduce the voltages. Successive energisation of a line followed by that of a load will be a good strategy to control the voltages to within acceptable ranges.  
• GSO needs to balance the reactive supply and reactive demand of the System by continuously monitoring of bus bars voltages throughout the System. 
• Only energise lines that will carry significant load. Energising extra lines will generate unwanted VARs.  
• Voltages at the transmission substations should be maintained at the minimum possible levels (below 1.0pu) to reduce line charging currents of unloaded or under loaded transmission lines. 
• Tap changers of transformers should be adjusted to nominal tap before the transformers are energised. 
• Ferroresonance may occur upon energizing a line or while picking up a transformer from an unloaded line. 
• Reduction in proper relaying protection reliability due to insufficient fault current. 

                        OC7.6.6            Stability of Generating Units 

As system restoration progresses with more Generating Units return to service, the Systembecomes more stable. More Generating Units on bus means stronger supply sources in terms of system inertia, fault level and better control of frequency and voltage. Stronger supply sources will afford more circuit energisation, unit start-ups, Spinning Reserve, and load pickups. Allow sufficient time between switching operations to allow the Generating Units to stabilise from sudden increases in load. 

Free governors on Generating Units should be enable to ensure instantaneous governor response to changes in frequency. Generating Units should be loaded as soon as possible to a load level above their minimum loading point to achieve reliable and stable unit operation. 

                        OC7.6.7            Load/Frequency Control in Power Islands 

Generation and load should be adjusted in small increments to minimize the impact on the frequency. Loads should be added in block sizes that do not exceed 5% of the total synchronized generating capability of that particular Power Island. Frequency should be maintained between 49.90 Hz and 51.00 Hz with an attempt made to regulate above 50.00 Hz. Manual load shedding may need to be carried out to keep the frequency above 49.50 Hz. As a guide, shed approximately ten (10) percent of the load to restore the frequency by 1 Hz.  

Priority is to be given to the load connected to the UFLS relays as this will help to safe guard the system in case of Generating Units tripping during the restoration.  

                        OC7.6.8            Re-synchronisation of Power Islands 

GSO can only re-synchronise of the Islands if the following criteria are met:  

• Both systems must be in a stable state and both frequencies must be near to 

50.0 Hz  

• A voltage difference of about 0.05pu or less between the Power Islands.  
• A frequency difference between two Power Islands shall be less than 0.15 

Hz.  

After synchronising two Power Islands, nominate a particular Power Station to do the frequency control for the combined larger Island. If the frequency regulation burden becomes too large for a particular Power Station, the frequency regulation should be transferred to a larger Power Station. If more than one Power Station controls frequency, there would be a hunting effect. Units not assigned to regulate frequency should be constantly re-dispatched to keep each regulating unit’s MW output level at the middle of its regulating range. 

                        OC7.6.9            Spinning Reserve 

During system restoration, each Island should carry enough Spinning Reserve to cover its largest generator contingency of that Island. The smaller the Power Island, the larger the proportion of this reserve is required. Connecting two or more Islands together may result in a lower combined Operating Reserve requirement. However, caution needs to be used to ensure that load is not added too fast or the system may collapse again. 

                        OC7.6.10          Audit System After Completion of the System Restoration 

After the supply has been given to all consumers, GSO is to conduct a full audit of the Grid Systemto ensure that all the transmission circuits, bus bars, bus bar isolators, transformers are normalised back to their respective status before the System Blackout. 

Check with Distributor to ensure that no consumers were inadvertently left disconnected. 

            OC7.7       GRID SYSTEM RESTORATION PLAN FAMILIARISATION AND TRAINING 

Each User is responsible to ensure that its personnel who may reasonably be expected to be involved in Grid System restoration are familiar with, and are adequately trained and experienced in their standing instructions and other obligations so as to be able to implement the procedures and comply with any instruction given notified by the GSO. 

The GSO will be responsible for carrying out simulator training and exercises based on the Grid SystemRestoration Plan every year to ensure that all parties are aware of their roles in this OC7. 

            OC7.8        LOSS OF LOAD DISPATCH CENTRE 

In the event of the LDC being evacuated or subject to a major disruption of its function, for whatever reasons, the GSO shall resume control of the Grid System from the backup control centre which will enable the GSO to ensure continuity of control functions until the LDC can be restored. 

Each Generator shall continue to operates its CDGUs in accordance with the last Dispatch Instructionissued by the GSO but shall use all reasonable endeavours to maintain the Grid System Frequency close to 50 Hz by monitoring Frequency and increasing or decreasing the output of its CDGUs as necessary until such time as new Dispatch Instructions are received from the GSO. 

The GSO shall prepare all the necessary plans and procedures and from time to time conduct the necessary exercises to ensure that a satisfactory change-over can be achieved without prejudicing the integrity of the Grid System. 

            OC7.9        FUEL SUPPLY SHORTAGES 

The Single Buyer and GSO shall prepare fuel supply inventory advice for primary and standby fuels as applicable in accordance with obligations placed by the Government of Malaysia on the electricity industry at the time of the connection application.  The Generators shall report the compliance of their fuel stock with the obligations in the relevant Agreements.   

The Single Buyer and GSO shall report the adequacy of the fuel supply inventory to the Energy Commission on an exception basis.  In the event of any fuel supply shortages this reporting shall be on a daily basis.  Under these conditions the Single Buyer and the GSO shall abandon the Least Cost Generation Scheduling and revert to a Fuel Availability Based Scheduling in order to conserve fuel supplies and take all necessary measures to extend the endurance of the fuel supplies. 

In the event the Single Buyer or GSO foresees an imminent or possible fuel shortage or curtailment of supplies the Single Buyer or GSO shall instruct the Generators to increase their fuel stock to the full extent of the capacity available at the Power Stations to ensure continued endurance. 

< End of Operating Code No.7: System Restoration > 

OPERATING CODE NO.8 

OC8      SAFETY COORDINATION 

            OC8.1        INTRODUCTION 

Operating Code No.8 specifies the procedures to be used by the GSO and Users for the co-ordination, establishment and maintenance of necessary Safety Precautions when work and/or test is to be carried out on the Grid System or a User System and when there is a need for Safety Precautions on HV Apparatuson the other User System or Grid System for this work to be carried out safely. 

In this OC8 the term “work” includes testing, other than System Tests which are covered by OC11. 

            OC8.2        OBJECTIVES 

The objectives of OC8 is to ensure safe working conditions for personnel working on or in close proximity to Plant and Apparatus on the Transmission Network or User Network or personnel who may have to work on or use the equipment at the interface between the Transmission Network and a User Network where isolation and/or earthing is required from both Systems. 

            OC8.3        SCOPE 

OC8 applies to the GOS and the following Users: 

(a)        Generators;

(b)       Network Owner; 

(c)        Large Power Consumers directly connected to the Transmission Network; 

(d)       Interconnected Parties and 

(e)        any other party reasonably specified by the GSO. 

            OC8.4        PROCEDURES 

OC8 does not seek to impose a particular set of Safety Rules on the GSO, Grid Owner and other Users.  The Safety Rules to be adopted and used by the GSO, Grid Owner and each User shall be those chosen by each party’s management.   

At all Connection Points, the Safety Rules to be used by both the Grid Owner and the relevant Usersshall be as determined by the Grid Owner after consultation with the GSO. 

For each of the Connection Site, GSO and the relevant User shall formulate a sequence of switching for safe isolation and earthing in order to achieve the necessary Safety Precautions for the issuance of RISPas well as the switching sequence to normalise back the system after the cancellation of RISP. These switching sequences and the relevant Single Line Diagrams of the Connection Site are to be included in the Interconnection Operation Manual for that Site.   

                        OC8.4.1            Defined Terms 

Users should bear in mind that in OC8 only, in order that OC8 reads more easily with the terminology used in certain User's Safety Rules, the term “HV Apparatus" is defined more restrictively and is used accordingly in OC8.  Users should, therefore, exercise caution in relation to this term when reading and using OC8. 

In OC8 only the following terms shall have the following meanings: 

(a)        "HV Apparatus" means High Voltage electrical Apparatus forming part of a Network to which Safety Precautions must be applied to allow work to be carried out on that Network or a neighbouring Network. 

(b)       "Isolation" means the disconnection or separation of HV Apparatus from the remainder of the Network with the Isolating Device maintained in an isolating position.  The isolating position must be maintained by immobilising and or locking of the Isolating Device in the isolating position with adequate physical separation and affixing an Isolation Notice^[2] to it.  Where the Isolating Device is locked with a Safety Key, the Safety Key must be retained in safe custody; and 

(c)        Earthing means a way of providing a connection between HV conductors and earth by an Earthing Device which is immobilised and locked in the Earthing positions.  Where the Earthing Device is locked with a Safety Key, the Safety Key must be secured and kept in safe custody;  

(d)       For the purpose of the coordination of safety under this OC8 relating to HV Apparatus, the term "Safety Precautions” means Isolation and/or Earthing. 

In OC8, references to a Connection Agreement shall be deemed to include references to the application or offer thereof. 

                        OC8.4.2            Approval of Local Safety Instructions  

In accordance with the timing requirements of its Connection Agreement, each User will supply to the GSO and Grid Owner a copy of its Safety Rules and any Local Safety Instructions relating to its side of the Connection Site. 

Prior to connection each party must have agreed the other's relevant Safety Rules and relevant Local Safety Instructions in relation to Isolation and Earthing and obtained the approval of the GSO to such instruction. 

Either party may require that the Isolation and/or Earthing provisions in the other party's SafetyRules be made more stringent by the issue by that party of a Local Safety Instructions affecting the Connection Point concerned.  Provided that these requirements are not unreasonable in the view of the other party, then that other party will make such changes as soon as reasonably practicable.  Approval may not be withheld because the party required to approve reasonably believes the provisions relating to Isolation and/or Earthing are too stringent. 

If, following approval, a party wishes to change the provisions in its Local Safety Instructionsrelating to Isolation and/or Earthing, it must inform the other party.  If the change is to make the provisions more stringent, then the other party merely has to note the changes.  If the change is to make the provisions less stringent, then the other party needs to approve the new provisions. 

The procedures for the establishment of safety coordination by the GSO with an InterconnectedParty are set out in an Interconnector Agreement with the Interconnected Party. 

                        OC8.4.3            Safety Coordinators 

For each Connection Point, each User will at all times have a person nominated as the Safety Coordinator, to be responsible for the coordination of safety precautions when work is to be carried out on a Network, which necessitates the provision of Safety Precautions on HV Apparatus as required by OC8.  A Safety Coordinator may be responsible for the coordination of safety on HV Apparatus at more than one Connection Point.  The names of these Safety Coordinators will be notified in writing to the GSO by Users. 

Each Safety Coordinator shall be authorised by the GSO on behalf of the Energy Commission in the case of the Grid Owner or by the Energy Commission in the case of a User, as the case may be, as competent to carry out the functions set out in this OC8 to achieve safety from the Grid System. Only persons with such authorisation will carry out the provisions of this OC8. Each safety coordinator for a User will be a company nominated Energy Commission competent person authorised by that User competent to carry out the functions set out in OC8 to achieve safety from the User System

                        OC8.4.4            Record of Inter-System Safety Precautions (RISP)  

This part sets out the procedures for utilising the Record of Inter-system Safety Precautions (RISP)between the GSO and the Users.

The GSO and Users will use the RISP forms set out in Appendix A and Appendix B of this OC8.  That set out in Appendix A and designated as RISP – A will be used by the Requesting Safety Coordinator.  Appendix B sets out RISP – B which will be used by the Implementing Safety Coordinator.  

All references to RISP – A and RISP – B shall be taken as referring to the corresponding parts of the relevant forms. Each of the forms has a unique pre- printed number which shall be quoted whenever reference is made with regards to the form. 

            OC8.5        SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR HV APPARATUS   

                        OC8.5.1            Implementing Safety Precautions

All Users have to abide by the procedures set out in OC2 Outage and Related Planning Code when they seek approval from GSO for all the planned and unplanned outages required for work on HV Apparatus. 

For the planned outages, the Requesting Party shall confirm with the Implementing Party, 14 days before the date of the outage approved by the GSO, that they will require Isolation and Earthing at the Implementing Party's System for the outage work. 

For all the outages that requires Safety Precautions as specified in this OC8, all Isolation and Earthing has to be carried out in the sequence as listed in the relevant switching programme in the Interconnection Operation Manual for that Connection Site.  

All isolation and earthing carried out by a Party A shall be reported to the Party B who shall repeat the message to be confirmed by the Party A. Both Parties shall record all switching done in chronological order in their operation logs. 

                        OC8.5.2            RISP Procedure 

On the day of the approved outage date, Requesting Safety Coordinator will contact Implementing Safety Coordinator to re-confirm that the work will be implemented as scheduled. And the Safety Precautions will be carried out as listed in the relevant switching programme for that Connection Site.  

Once the Safety Precautions have been established, the Implementing Safety Coordinator shall contact the Requesting Safety Coordinator and both the parties shall exchange the numbers that are printed at the top left hand corners of their respective forms which they will duly fill in the spaces provided at the top right hand corners of their forms. They then exchange and confirm the information about the switching that they have carried out in order to isolate and apply earthing at all the points that are indicated in the section 1.4 and 1.5. 

They then duly fill in the details in Section 2 and sign off the same Section. 

Both the Safety Coordinators are free to authorise work (including tests that do not affect the other party’s Network) to be carried out in the isolated and earthed parts of their network mentioned in the RISP forms. 

                        OC8.5.3            Testing Affecting the other Safety Coordinator’s Network   

Before any Test can be carried out in part of the System that has been isolated and earthed, the Party requesting for test to be carried out should confirm from the other party that no person is working or testing on any part of the System within the points identified on RISP Form. 

Earthing as stated in the RISP Form may be removed during the Test and for testing purposes only and must be agreed by both and properly recorded. 

            OC8.6        CANCELLATION OF RISP AND ENERGISATION 

On completion of the work and/or Test, the Requesting Party should contact the Implementing Party to cancel the RISP quoting their respective RISP form numbers. The Implementing Party should read out Part 1 of the said RISP. The Requesting Party should confirm that Part 1 of his RISP is the same. Requesting Party should then cancel the form by signing Part 3 and the Implementing Party confirms the cancellation by signing Part 3. 

Re-energisation shall be carried out in accordance with the following procedure: 

(1)   The switching sequence for normalization of the System should be carried as listed in the switching form. 

(2)   All switching done should be written down and repeated to the other Party who should then read back for confirmation. 

(3)   All switching done should be recorded in chronological order. 

            OC8.7        SAFETY LOGS 

The Network Controllers and Users shall maintain Safety Logs, which shall be a chronological record of all messages relating to safety coordination under OC8 sent and received by the Safety Coordinators.  The Safety Logs must be retained for a period of not less than one year.   

< End of Operating Code No.8: Safety Coordination > 

OPERATING CODE NO. 8 - APPENDIX 1 – RISP - A 

RECORD OF INTERCONNECTION SAFETY PRECAUTIONS (RISP- A) 

            RISP A No: A 15795                                                                                             RISP B No: 

            (Requesting Safety Coordinator's Copy)                                                           (Implementing Safety Coordinators) 

Part 1 

1.1  H.V. APPARATUS IDENTIFICATION 

1.2  I, ............................................…………………………………………...(the Requesting Safety Coordinator) located at ......................................................…………… declare that I would like to carry out work on the following Apparatus: 

........................................................................................................................................……………………………

1.3  Mr………………………………..(the Implementing Safety Coordinator) has declared that he will carry out work on the following Apparatus: 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………………

1.4  SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ESTABLISHED BY THE REQUESTING SAFETY COORDINATOR : State location, nomenclature, and number of each point of isolation and earthing to be implemented. 

ISOLATION : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. EARTHING : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

1.5  SAFETY PRECAUTIONS REQUESTED BY THE REQUESTING SAFETY COORDINATOR ISOLATION : State location, nomenclature, and number of each point of isolation requested. 

ISOLATION : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. EARTHING : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 

            Signed: ......................................................                                                           Date:.........................

            The Requesting Safety Coordinator.                                                                     Time:..........................

Part 2 

2.1  CONFIRMATION OF ISOLATION AND EARTHING BY REQUESTING SAFETY COORDINATOR AND IMPLEMENTING SAFETY COORDINATOR. 

2.2  I, ................................…………....(the Requesting Safety Coordinator), located at ..................................……………. 

confirm to ………………………..(the Implementing Safety Coordinator) located at ……………………………that the SAFETY PRECAUTION as mentioned in Section 1.4 of this RISP has been established. The switches have been immobilised, locked and Notices have been affixed. 

2.3  Mr....................................(the Implementing Safety Coordinator), located at........................................................ has confirmed to me that the SAFETY PRECAUTIONS as mentioned in section 1.5 has been established. 

The switches have been immoblised, locked, and Notices have been affixed. 

No instructions will be issued at locations as specified in 1.4 and 1.5 for their removal until this RISP is cancelled under Part 3. 

Signed: ..................................................                                              Date :......................……... The Requesting Safety Coordinator.                                             Time:..............................

Part 3 

3.1  CANCELLATION 

Cancellation of this RISP must only be done after both parties have confirmed completion of work as mentioned in Section 1.2 and 1.3. 

3.2  I, …………………………………… (the Requesting Safety Coordinator), located at …………………………………....declared that the work as mentioned in Section 1.2 is completed. 

Signed : ....................................……..                                                            Date : ...........................…… The Requesting Safety Coordinator.                                                              Time:...................................

3.3  Mr. ………………….(the Implementing Safety Coordinator), located at ………………………, has confirmed that the work as mentioned as Section 1.3 is complete. 

                  Signed : ......................................…                                                               Date : ...........................…… 

                  The Requesting Safety Coordinator.                                                            Time:.....................................

3.4  I, ……………………………………. (the Requesting Safety Coordinator), located at ………………………….. and Mr. ……………………………………(the Implementing Safety Coordinator), located at ………………. Agree that This RISP is hereby cancelled. 

Signed : .........................................……                                                          Date : .........................… The Requesting Safety Coordinator.                                                         Time:....................................…..

OPERATING CODE NO. 8 – APPENDIX 2 – RISP - B 

RECORD OF INTERCONNECTION SAFETY PRECAUTIONS (RISP –B) 

            RISP-B No: B 10895                                                                                               RISP A No: 

            (Implementing Safety Coordinator's Copy)                                                          (Requesting Safety Coordinators) 

Part 1 

1.1  H.V. APPARATUS IDENTIFICATION 

1.2  Mr, ............................................…………………………………………...(the Requesting Safety Coordinator) located at ......................................................…………… declare that he would like to carry out work on the following Apparatus: 

........................................................................................................................................……………………………

1.3  I, ………………………………..(the Implementing Safety Coordinator) has declared that I will carry out work on the following Apparatus 

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………  

1.5  SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ESTABLISHED BY THE REQUESTING SAFETY COORDINATOR : State location, nomenclature, and number of each point of isolation and earthing to be implemented. 

ISOLATION : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. EARTHING : ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

1.6  SAFETY PRECAUTIONS REQUESTED BY THE REQUESTING SAFETY COORDINATOR ISOLATION : State location, nomenclature, and number of each point of isolation requested. 

ISOLATION : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. EARTHING : ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 

Signed: ...........................................     Date:.............................. The Implementing Safety Coordinator.    Time:...................... 

Part 2 

2.1  CONFIRMATION OF ISOLATION AND EARTHING BY REQUESTING SAFETY COORDINATOR AND IMPLEMENTING SAFETY COORDINATOR. 

2.2  Mr, ................................……....(the Requesting Safety Coordinator), located at ..................................……… .has confirmed to me ……………………..(the Implementing Safety Coordinator) located at ……………………………that the SAFETY PRECAUTION as mentioned in Section 1.4 of this RISP has been established. The switches have been immobilised, locked and Notices have been affixed. 

2.3  I,.....................................(the Implementing Safety Coordinator), located at...............................................….have confirmed to Mr……………………………(the Requesting Safety Coordinator), located at……………………….that the SAFETY PRECAUTIONS as mentioned in section 1.5 has been established. 

The switches have been immoblised, locked, and Notices have been affixed. 

No instructions will be issued at locations as specified in 1.4 and 1.5 for their removal until this RISP is cancelled under Part 3. 

Signed: ..................................................                                                                Date :......................……... The Implementing Safety Coordinator.                                           Time:.........................

Part 3 

3.1  CANCELLATION 

Cancellation of this RISP must only be done after both parties have confirmed completion of work as mentioned in Section 1.2 and 1.3. 

3.2  Mr,…………………………………… (the Requesting Safety Coordinator), located at ………………………...has .confirmed that the work as mentioned in Section 1.2 is completed. 

                  Signed : .........................................……..                                                       Date : ...........................…… 

                  The Implementing Safety Coordinator.                                                       Time:......................................

3.3  I, ………………….(the Implementing Safety Coordinator), located at ………………………, has confirm that the work as mentioned as Section 1.3 is complete. 

Signed : .....................................                                                                                     Date : ...........................…… The Implementing Safety Coordinator.                                                Time:......................................

3.4  Mr, ……………………………………. (the Requesting Safety Coordinator), located at ………………………….. and I,. ……………………………………(the Implementing Safety Coordinator), located at ………………. agree that This RISP is hereby cancelled. 

                  Signed : ..................................…                                                                                     Date : ...........................…. 

                  The Implementing Safety Coordinator.                                                                            Time:....................................….

OPERATING CODE NO. 9 

       OC9      NUMBERING AND NOMENCLATURE 

                   OC9.1        INTRODUCTION 

Numbering and nomenclature of Apparatus in the Grid System facilitates safe operation and control of the Grid System by the GSO. Operating Code No.9 (OC9) sets out the requirement for numbering and nomenclature of HV Apparatus located in Transmission Network and User Network. 

All Apparatus in the Grid System that are and will be under the control of the GSO shall have numbering and nomenclature in accordance with the system specified in this OC9 or as determined by the GSO.

The numbering and nomenclature of each item of HV Apparatus shall be included in the Single Line Diagram prepared for each Site of the Grid Owner or User Site. The numbering and names are also used in the labelling of equipment including, towers, apparatus, control panels and diagrams. 

                   OC9.2        OBJECTIVE 

The objective of this OC9 is to ensure the safe and effective operation of the Grid System and to reduce the risk of human error by requiring that the numbering and nomenclature of all HV Apparatusof Grid Owner’s Transmission Network and User's HV Apparatus at Connection Points shall be in accordance with the system used by the GSO as specified in this OC9. This is to provide consistent and unambiguous numbering and nomenclature for apparatus in the Grid System

                   OC9.3        SCOPE 

OC9 applies to the GSO and the following Users: 

(a)        Grid Owner; 

(b)        Generators;

(c)        Distributors

(d)        Network Owner directly connected to the Transmission Network 

(e)        Large Power Consumers directly connected to the Transmission Network; and

(f)         Interconnected Parties. 

                   OC9.4        PROCEDURES FOR NUMBERING AND NOMENCLATURE 

                               OC9.4.1            General

The term "User Site" means a site owned (or occupied pursuant to a lease, licence or other agreement) by a User in which there is a Grid Supply Point. For the avoidance of doubt, where a site is owned by the Grid Owner but occupied by other User, the site is a User Site. 

The term "Site of the Grid Owner” means a site owned (or occupied pursuant to a lease, licence or other agreement) by the Grid Owner which there is a Grid Supply Point. For the avoidance of doubt, where a site is owned by a User but occupied by the Grid Owner, the site is Site of the Grid Owner. 

                               OC9.4.1            HV Apparatus of the Grid Owner 

HV Apparatus of the Grid Owner on the Grid Owner Sites shall have numbering and nomenclature in accordance with the system used by the GSO. 

HV Apparatus of the Grid Owner on User’s Sites shall have numbering and nomenclature in accordance with the system used by the GSO. For the Transmission Network and at points of interface between the Transmission Network and a User’s system it is the responsibility of the GSO to determine the numbering and nomenclature convention which Users shall follow. 

When changes are required to be made to the system configuration or connectivity, the names and numbers of individual affected items of apparatus and equipment has to be changed accordingly to the new system configuration and connectivity. GSO and Users, as the case may be, should take all reasonable measures to ensure that labels and Single Line Diagrams are maintained in accordance with the most recent names and numbers.  

The GSO may, in certain circumstances, provide temporary names and numbers for equipment and apparatus to Users. Where this is the case, the GSO shall declare the names and/or numbers as temporary. Users will not install, or permit the installation of, any HV Apparatus on such User Site which has numbering and/or nomenclature which could be confused with HV Apparatus of the Grid Owner which is either already on that User Site or which the Grid Ownerhas notified that such HV Apparatus will be installed on that User Site. 

                               OC9.4.2            HV Apparatus of User at the Grid Supply Point 

HV Apparatus and Equipment of any User at any Grid Supply Point which are items that need to be identified in pursuant of OC8 Safety Coordination, shall have numbering and nomenclature in accordance with the system specified by the GSO. (Users may have their own numbering and nomenclature for such Apparatus and Equipment as long as it is for their own internal use.) 

When a User is to install its HV Apparatus at the Grid Supply Point, or it wishes to replace existing HV Apparatus at such Point and it wishes to adopt new numbering and nomenclature for such HV Apparatus, the User shall notify the GSO of the details of the HV Apparatus and the User shall request a proposed numbering and nomenclature to be adopted for that HV Apparatus from the GSO, at least eight (8) months prior to proposed installation. 

The notification will be made in writing to the GSO and shall consist of a proposed Operation Diagram incorporating the proposed new HV Apparatus of the User to be installed. 

The GSO will respond in writing to the User within two (2) months and provide details of the numbering and nomenclature which the User shall adopt for that HV Apparatus. The User shall adopt the numbering and nomenclature within six (6) months of the details being provided by the GSO. GSO is to inform other affected Users about the changes. 

                               OC9.4.3            Changes 

Where the GSO in its reasonable opinion has decided that it needs to change the existing numbering or nomenclature of HV Apparatus of the Grid Owner on other User's Site or of User's HV Apparatus at Grid Supply Point: 

a)          the provisions of paragraph OC9.4.1 shall apply to such change of numbering or nomenclature of HV Apparatus of the Grid Owner with any necessary amendments to those provisions to reflect that only a change is being made; and  

b)         in the case of a change in the numbering or nomenclature of User's HV Apparatus on a Grid Supply Point, the GSO will notify the User of the numbering and/or nomenclature the User shall adopt for that HV Apparatus (the notification to be in a form similar to that envisaged under OC9.4.1) at least eight (8) months prior to the change being needed and the User will respond in writing to the GSO within two (2) months of the receipt of the notification, confirming receipt. The User shall then inform any other effected or related User, and shall adopt the numbering and nomenclature within six (6) months of the details being provided by the GSO. 

When either the Grid Owner or other User installs HV Apparatus which is the subject of OC9, the Grid Owner or other User, as the case may be, shall be responsible for the provision and erection of clear and unambiguous labelling showing the numbering and nomenclature. 

Where a User is required by OC9 to change the numbering and/or nomenclature of HV Apparatus which is the subject of OC9, the User will be responsible for the provision and erection of clear and unambiguous labelling by the required date. 

Where the Grid Owner changes the numbering and/or nomenclature of its HV Apparatus which is the subject of OC9, the Grid Owner will be responsible for the provision and erection of clear and unambiguous labelling showing the numbering and nomenclature by the required date. 

The GSO will not change its system of numbering and nomenclature in use other than to reflect new or newly adopted technology or HV Apparatus. 

< End of the Operating Code No.9: Numbering and Nomenclature >

APPENDIX 1 NUMBERING AND NOMENCLATURE OF THE SABAH AND LABUAN GRID SYSTEM 

1                STATIONS

1.1           Substation (Switching or Transformer Substation) 

(a)        No substation shall be given the same name or any name that can be confused with any other substation or Power Station on the Grid System. 

(b)        Where two or more substations are in the same vicinity, each substation may be named independently. The substations can be given the same name followed by its respective voltage or suitable suffix. 

                                           e.g.       Beaufort  

Inanam 

Penampang North 

Penampang South 

Kota Kinabalu 66kV 

Kota Kinabalu 132kV 

1.2           Generating Units 

(a)        No Power Station shall be given the same name or any name that can be confused with any other substation or Power Station on the Grid System. 

(b)        Where two or more Power Stations are in the same vicinity, each Power Station may be named independently. The generating stations can be given the same name followed by suitable suffix: 

                                           e.g.       Kota Kinabalu 

Sepangar 

Sepangar A 

Sepangar B 

2                CIRCUITS

2.1           Designations

(a)        A circuit connecting two substations at different locations shall be designated by the names of the two substations concerned: 

                               e.g.       Penampang – Beaufort 

(b)        A circuit connecting three or more substations, i.e., a circuit with tee offs, shall be designated by the names of all the substation locations concerned: 

                                                 e.g.       Penampang – Beaufort– Pangi 

(c)        Parallel circuits between the same substations shall be designated in accordance with Paragraphs a) or b) above and shall be numbered consecutively: 

e.g.       Penampang – Inanam 1 Penampang – Inanam 2 

Penampang – Beaufort – Pangi 1 

Penampang – Beaufort – Pangi 2 

(d)        Where two substations are interconnected by different voltage levels than the respective nominal voltage should be used as suffixes: 

e.g.       Kolopis - Segaluid 275 kV  Kolopis - Segaluid 132 kV 

2.2           Labelling

Switchgear panels, protection equipment panels, and metering panels associated with a circuit shall be labelled in accordance with the preceding paragraphs, except that the location of the equipment concerned shall be omitted. At substations where the line is terminated with a transformer, the designation of the transformer or transformer bank shall be followed by the circuit designation in brackets:  

At Penampang Substation labels would read:   

Inanam 1   

Inanam 2    

At Pangi Power Station labels would read:   

Beaufort - Penampang 1 

Beaufort - Penampang 2 

3                BUSBARS

The numbering and nomenclature of busbars other than those associated with generating plant auxiliaries shall be as follows: 

a)           Nominal busbar voltage (275 kV, 132 kV, etc.); 

b)          Busbar identification (Main Busbar, Reserve Busbar, Transfer Bus); 

c)           Busbar number or section number (1,2,3, etc.) e.g. 275 kV Main Busbar 1; 

d)          Sections of busbars of the same nominal voltage and identification shall be numbered consecutively from one end of the substation to the other. Main and reserve busbars shall have corresponding numbering; 

e)          In the case of substations where one section of reserve busbar is common to two sections of main busbar, the section of reserve busbar shall bear the numbers of both corresponding sections of main busbar: 

e.g.       275 kV Main Busbar           1 275 kV Main Busbar    2 

275 kV Reserve Busbar 1/2 

f) The busbar section number shall be omitted in those cases where the busbar identification for a particular voltage is applicable to a single busbar having no sectioning facilities: 

                                           e.g.       275kV Main Busbar 

4                TRANSFORMERS

The numbering and nomenclature of transformers connected to the Grid System other than those directly associated with Generating Units and auxiliaries and, shall be as follows:  

a) A transmission transformer shall be designated by the nominal voltage ratio of its windings. All transmission transformers and local station transformers shall be numbered uniquely in relation to each other and to other transformers at a particular location: 

e.g.       275/132/11 kV Transformer            1 275/132/11 kV Transformer    2 

132/11 kV Station Transformer  1 

132/11 kV Station Transformer  2 

66/11 kV Station Transformer  1 

The number and nomenclature of transformers directly associated with Generating Units shall be as follows: 

a) A transformer connecting a Generating Unit to the Transmission Network shall be designated as Generator Transformer and shall be numbered the same as the associated generator:  

                                           e.g. Generator Transformer 1      

b) A transformer that provides Power Station auxiliary supply but is not directly connected to a Generating Unit, shall be designated Station Transformer. All such transformers shall be numbered consecutively at a particular location 

                                           e.g.       Station Transformer      1 

c) A transformer that provides Power Station auxiliary supply and is directly connected to a Generating Unit shall be designated Unit Transformer and shall be numbered the same as the associated Generator: 

                                           e.g.       Unit Transformer           1 

d) Other transformers associated with Power Station auxiliaries shall be designated according to their service. Where appropriate, transformers shall be numbered the same as the associated Generating Unit, consecutive letters being added where necessary. Otherwise, transformers shall be numbered consecutively for each designation throughout the Power Station: 

                                                       e.g.       Plant Transformer         1 

4.1           Banked Transformers