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Samoa Country Energy Security Indicator Profile 2009
Prepared by the Energy Programme, Economic Development Division Secretariat of the Pacific Community
Suva, Fiji
2012
© Copyright Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), 2012
All rights for commercial / for profit reproduction or translation, in any form, reserved. SPC authorises the partial reproduction or translation of this material for scientific, educational or research purposes, provided that SPC and the source document are properly acknowledged. Permission to reproduce the document and/or translate in whole, in any form, whether for commercial / for profit or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing. Original SPC artwork may not be altered or separately published without permission.
Original text: English
Secretariat of the Pacific Community Cataloguing-in-publication data
Samoa Country Energy Security Indicator Profile 2009 / prepared by the Energy Programme, Economic Development Division, Secretariat of the Pacific Community
1. Energy policy – Samoa.
2. Power resources – Samoa.
3. Energy security – Samoa.
I. Title. II. Secretariat of the Pacific Community.
333.79099614 AACR2
ISBN: 978-982-00-0565-5
Acknowledgement
The Framework for Action on Energy Security in the Pacific (FAESP) country energy security indicator report 2009 was prepared by the Energy Programme of the Economic Development Division of the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC).
SPC would like to thank the European Union Energy Initiative–Partnership Dialogue Facility (EUEI PDF) for providing the funds to carry out in-country technical activities and collect the data required for the energy security indicators.
The cooperation of the many contributors to this booklet is gratefully acknowledged. The source note below each table credits the various government and private sector agencies that have collaborated in furnishing information for the booklet.
Samoa National Energy Policy vision 2007
‘to enhance the quality of life for all through access to reliable, affordable and environmentally sound energy services and supply.’
In 2009, Samoa’s energy consumption scenario totalled 3,167 TJ with petroleum fuels accounting for 95.6% and renewable energy (RE) contribution from hydro and solar accounting for 4.4% (contribution from biomass is excluded in this analysis). Liquid petroleum fuel is currently supplied to Samoa by Petroleum Product Supplies via Mobil from Singapore and Australia. In 2009, around 39.9 million litres of diesel, 27.3 million litres of petrol, 18.6 million litres of kerosene and 1.6 kilo tonnes of liquefied petroluem gas (LPG) were imported into the country. LPG is mainly imported from Australia by Origin Gas and the British Oxygen Company (BOC). Fuel import for 2009 stood in the vicinity of USD 86.08 million with the current gross domestic product (GDP) of USD 510.9 million. Samoa also re-exports fuels to Tokelau. The transport sector (land, maritime and air) is perceived as the major sector that consumes fuel imported into Samoa — accounting for some 70% of the fuel consumed.
For the power sector, around 98% of households in Samoa are connected to the electricity grid network provided by Electric Power Corporation (EPC). In 2009, EPC generated 108 GWh of electricity, of which 91 GWh was sold, recording an estimated 16.02% in distribution loss.
Electricity supplied by EPC has two major grid networks, namely the Upolu and Savaii electricity gridlines. Electricity is supplied to Manono Island via under-sea electricity cables from Upolu. Apolima has a mini grid solar photovoltaic (PV) system that was installed in 2007. Of the electricity generated in 2009, 16% was sourced from hydro. Around 17 million litres of diesel fuel were consumed for electricity generation in 2009.
The 2009 baseline energy security indicators presented in this report are compiled and structured according to the four key outcomes to energy security and the seven action themes of FAESP. Graphical comparison included in the analysis provides a snapshot of Samoa’s situation compared to other Forum smaller island states and Forum Island countries.
FAESP key energy security outcome 1 — access to energy
FAESP key energy security outcome 2 — affordability
5 Macro-economic 16.9 The indicator tracks fuel imports as a percentage of GDP. The higher the figure, the more vulnerable an affordability (%) economy is towards world market price volatility. The macro-economic affordability was calculated from reference data provided by the Samoa Bureau of Statistics website. Total value fuel imports over total GDP for 2009 (USD 86,071,406 / USD 510,878,495).
6 Electricity tariff 0.28 The indicator tracks average tariffs for the year (all tariff(USD/kWh) categories, i.e. residential, commercial and industrial). Requires averaging during the year as tariffs in most PICs are adjusted several times a year. Refer to the table on the right for reference calculation of the average tariff.
7 Electricity 91.4 Relation between average tariff and lifeline tariff if a
lifeline (%) lifeline tariff exists. Refer to the table on the right for reference calculation of the lifeline tariff.
Referenced electricity tariff calculation based on EPC data
8 Household 8.2 The indicator tracks average household expenditure for energy per year as a percentage of average energy household income. expenditure The estimate attained is based on the 2008 HIES. Reporting gives a breakdown of expenditure accounted load (%) from the total annual costs to household operation and transport expenditure.
FAESP key energy security outcome 3 — efficiency and productivity
9 Energy intensity 6.2 The indicator tracks the amount of energy utilised to produce 1 USD of GDP. (MJ/USD)
10 Productive power 48.0 The indicator tracks the share of commercial and industrial use of electricity in total supply. use (%) Data sourced from the Samoa Energy Review 2009.
Provided below are energy intensity graphs that are presented in terms of electricity (kWh) and fuel (GJ) consumption against GDP when seen on a per capita comparison. Countries identified above the trend line are perceived to have higher than average energy consumption levels per person compared to their corresponding economic wealth (GDP per capita). That is, countries above the trend line are considered to be relatively energy inefficient compared to countries below the trend line.
FAESP key energy security outcome 4 — environmental quality
11 Carbon footprint 218,809 The indicator tracks total GHG emissions using embedded carbon as a measure (not UNFCCC method). (tonnes of CO2) GHG emission calculated is specifically accounted from the total fuel imported into Samoa, which mainly covers diesel fuels, kerosene (DPK), motor gasoline (mogas/ULP), and cooking gas (LPG).
12 Diesel fuel 500 The indicator assesses the standard for sulphur (S) content of diesel fuel in parts per million (ppm) sulphur. quality (ppm S)
FAESP action theme 1 — Leadership, governance, coordination and partnership
FAESP action theme 2 — Capacity development, planning, policy and regulatory frameworks
19 Private sector 0 The indicator tracks the share of electricity produced by independent power producers under a power purchase contribution (%) agreement.
FAESP action theme 3 — Energy production and supply
3.1 Petroleum and alternative fuels
3.2 Renewable energy
FAESP action theme 4 — Energy conversion
4.1 Electric power
27 Distribution losses (%) 16 The indicator compares the amount of kWh sold with the amount of kWh sent out from the power station.
Source: EPC
28 Lost supply 885 The indicator tracks electricity outage time (hours of lost supply per customer per year) (SAIDI) — (hours) Referenced data sourced from ‘Performance Benchmarking for Pacific Power Utilities’.
29 Clean electricity 36 The indicator measures the share of renewable energies as a percentage of total electricity supply contribution (%) Percentage contribution of hydro and solar. Source: Samoa 2009 Energy Review.
FAESP action theme 5 — End-use energy consumption
5.1 Transport energy use | 5.2 Energy efficiency and conservation
30 Retail fuel prices The indicator tracks retail and wholesale fuel prices for petroleum products (diesel, petrol, MPK, LPG).
Retail price Wholesale price
31 Legislative framework (score) 0 The indicator assesses progress towards a comprehensive legislative framework for import of end-use devices. (Score system: Comprehensive framework covering transport, appliances, buildings = 3; Legislative for one subsector operational = 2; Preparation of frameworks under way = 1) No comprehensve legislative framework in place for regulating importations of efficient end-use devices in 2009.
32 Appliance labelling (score) 1 The indicator assesses the state of appliance labelling. (Score system: Compulsory appliance labelling operational = 2; Appliance labelling in preparation = 1) No compulsory appliance labelling endorsed yet for Samoa. In 2009, Samoa was identified as part of a sub-regional planning study on labelling. Study was undertaken in 2010. Appliance imports in Samoa mostly came from New Zealand and Australia, and mostly carry Australian and New Zealand energy labels.
FAESP action theme 6 — Energy data and information
FAESP action theme 7 — Financing, monitoring & evaluation
Samoa energy contacts
Mr Sealiimalietoa Melepone Isara Deputy Chief Executive Officer
Mr Leiataua Henry Ah Ching Assistant Chief Executive Officer
Mrs Heremoni Suapaia-Ah Hoy Energy Coordinator
Mr Tologata Tile Lei’a Tuimalealiifano General Manager
Tel: (685) 65 400 / 22 261 Electric Power Corporation Fax: (685) 23 748 Website:
www.epc.ws Email:
leiat@epc.ws Mr Sala Sagato Tuiafiso Assistant Chief Executive Officer